論張王樂府與唐代新樂府形成之關係

Zhang-Wang Yuefu and the Development of New Yuefu Poetry

李白和杜甫是盛唐創作樂府最多的詩人，李白專力於古題，杜甫則多作新題，到元稹、白居易形成新樂府。李、杜以後，元、白之前，張籍、王建新舊題樂府並作，是當時創作樂府數量最多的一對詩人，一方面延續李白擬古樂府的創作，將初唐律化的古樂府恢復為古體，並進一步深化樂府「傷民病」的傳統，遂有別於李白以樂府言志的路數；另方面又接受杜甫的理念，將時事、歌行及取法漢魏的樂府題結合，並拓展其他歌辭性新題的時事針對性，將新舊題樂府都帶入關懷時事之途，更直接地上接漢魏樂府的傳統。張、王樂府唱和的過程中，新題樂府亦隨之生成。其創作模式影響李紳、白居易和元稹的樂府創作。而張、王從唱和中取材，也對元、白的樂府創作產生相當的影響。

Li Bai and Du Fu were the two poets responsible for writing the most yuefu poetry in the High Tang. However, whereas Li concentrated on old style yuefu, Du also wrote titles in the new style. In the Middle Tang, before the establishment of the “new yuefu” poetry formally named by Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, Zhang Ji and Wang Jian composed yuefu poetry in both the new and old styles. On the one hand, Zhang and Wang accepted Du’s idea of combining current events, the gexing form and lyrical titles, which followed examples found in works from the Han and Six dynasties. On the other hand, they also expanded upon those lyrical titles with content targeted at current events. While they followed Li Bai in composing yuefu in ancient verse instead of regulated form, they also deepened the yuefu tradition of “caring for the people’s suffering,” which differed from the concerns informing Li’s works. Both their old and new style yuefu took an interest in current events. Zhang and Wang’s yuefu broached new subjects and their style of writing appeared in the later works of Li Shen, Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen. In other words, Zhang and Wang’s mutually inspired poetic innovations influenced the later literary production of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi.