對郭象哲學所受質疑提出辯解

A Defense of Guo Xiang’s Philosophy

在當代學界對郭象（約253-312）哲學的定位討論中，王中江認為，郭象哲學內部存在著嚴重的理論困難；劉笑敢則從方法論的角度指出，郭象對《莊子》的解讀乃有違原義。本文擬針對二者的質疑，嘗試為郭象哲學辯解，論述聚焦於以下兩點：一、只要將郭象哲學內部的基本概念（尤其「逍遙」概念）恰當地置放於其相應的理論位置，很多所謂郭象哲學的兩難都是可以解消的。二、從莊子哲學到郭象哲學的理論轉變，與其說是從超越到現實的扭曲，不如說是從素樸到豐富有力的發展。期望本文能重新引起學界對郭象哲學平議的關注，繼而給予郭象哲學更公允的定位與評價。

The validity of Guo Xiang’s philosophy has long been a controversial issue within the contemporary academy. Among Guo’s critics, the challenges raised by Wang Zhongjiang and Liu Xiaogan are representative. Wang asserts that Guo Xiang’s philosophy contains serious contradictions, whereas Liu, who adopts a methodological perspective, contends that Guo Xiang’s interpretation of Zhuangzi is distorted. The primary purpose of this paper is to defend Guo Xiang against these two critiques. First, the contradictions identified by Wang can be dissolved when the core concepts in Guo Xiang’s philosophy (especially the concept of Wandering at Ease) are comprehended correctly. Second, it is contended here that the differences between Zhuangzi’s philosophy and Guo Xiang’s philosophy are best understood as a development from primitive theory to rich theory. Through these two arguments, this paper attempts to reconsider the value of Guo Xiang’s philosophy and provide a more just evaluation of its merits.