節節蹇蹇、永思喟如－－郭店〈性自命出〉亟治德的身心氣書寫

Body, Mind, Qi-Energy and Self-Cultivation in the Guodian Manuscript “Human Nature Arises from Heaven’s Mandate”

在結合傳世文獻與郭店楚簡所舖陳「聲味生氣、治氣養心」的思想背景中，本文從關乎身心氣的書寫觀點，來考釋〈性自命出〉中字詞對應多端的「治」字，以及此字所在「亟治之志」與「治其德也」兩個段落的「鬱陶」、「節節」、「蹇蹇」、「餒」、「喟如」等疑難字，同時也進一步解說其中的「居節」、「反善復始」、「出入」等語詞。在〈性自命出〉中，氣正連繫了與音聲、音樂、舞蹈共具充盈流動的特質，可經由目、口、耳、肢體等多重管道相續作用，入發充盈於身心內，形成一套身心氣互動的循環，以完成道德修養。其中未明顯強調身、心、氣的主從關係，但是所述修養不調的心躁動、氣暴衝、身弁疾；氣鬱積、身死亡，或是心不蹇、氣衰餒、身委迤，以及養治順暢的心蹇動、氣喟然、身節度，在治德的成效上皆預設了身心氣三者一體而備的展現。依此反映〈性自命出〉是郭店楚簡中關於身心氣書寫的重要篇章，在作為戰國公共論述「氣」的思想發展脈絡中，占有一席之地。

This study investigates the problematic character zhi 治 from the Chu bamboo slips entitled “Human Nature Arises from Heaven’s Mandate.” It moreover analyzes various expressions from the paragraph featuring that character, including yuyao 鬱陶, jiejie 節節, jianjian 蹇蹇, nei 餒, kuiru 喟如, jujie 居節, fanshan fushi 反善復始, and churu 出入. By drawing on the received literary record, this study suggests that the basic import of “Human Nature Arises from Heaven’s Mandate” is found in its discussions of the body, mind, and qi-energy. The text asserts that qi-energy shares with sound and music a flowing and fulfilling quality, which permits music to guide qi-energy in passing through the body and mind, ultimately enabling one to attain moral self-cultivation. This study shows that “Human Nature Arises from Heaven’s Mandate” is an important text about qi-energy from the Guodian corpus. It moreover argues that this work deserves a place in the development of the intellectual discourse surrounding qi-energy during the Warring States period.