魂兮歸來哀江南：論沈炯、庾信、顏之推的傷痕書寫與敘事美學

The “Return of the Spirits” and “Sad Thoughts of Jiangnan”: A Study of Trauma Writing and the Narrative Aesthetics of Shen Jiong, Yu Sin, and Yan Zhi-tui

西元548 年侯景之亂爆發，建康城破，這毀滅性的災難對於南朝創作者而言，無疑造成了強烈的創傷。歷史敘述的本身或許是某種真實，但文學家根據記憶、經歷而再現的「真實」，同樣值得我們關注。本文從「傷痕書寫」與「敘事美學」兩個角度切入，探討沈炯 (503-561)〈歸魂賦〉、庾信 (513-581)〈哀江南賦〉、以及顏之推 (531-591)〈觀我生賦〉這三篇浩劫「倖存者」的辭賦作品。從傷痕書寫的角度來說，沈炯、庾信、顏之推採取了不同的觀看和再現的視野；從敘事美學角度來說，沈炯多使用第一人稱，與庾信的隱遁其辭和顏之推的自作注解又各有差異。本文透過對辭賦的修辭、典故、意象與互文性之探討，希望重新檢視此三賦對於傷痕經驗的安頓與呈現，進而補充對於梁、陳辭賦的研究。

In 548 AD, Jiankang City 建康城 was destroyed in the Hou Jing Rebellion 侯景之亂. Thousands of people lost their homes and became refugees. This destruction caused trauma to the writers of the Southern Dynasties 南朝. In my opinion, the representation of what is “Real” in history is re-created through the memory of each writer. Therefore, how a writer describes the facts is important to us. In this paper, I study, from the point of view of trauma writing and the aesthetics of narrative, the odes of three survivors: Shen Jiong’s Return of the Spirits 歸魂賦, Yu Sin’s Sad Thoughts of Jiangnan 哀江南賦, and Yan Zhi-tui’s Contemplating My Life 觀我生賦. According to the theory of trauma and the aesthetics of narrative, the three authors observed the disaster in different ways. Through a discussion of rhetoric, allusions, imagery, and intertextuality, I re-examine the traumatic experiences in the three works and add to the study of odes from the Liang-Chen 梁陳 Dynasties.