語言因素與社會因素對因變的影響——以鹿谷及安平方言為例

Linguistic and Social Factors of Sound Change in the Taiwanese Dialects of Lok-kok and An-peng

本文描述臺灣閩南方言接觸融合的音變，以鹿谷及安平方言為例，從語言及社會因素探討影響音變的機制。我們假設影響音變的語言因素條件是：（１）接觸的新語音，在方音系統中是否為獨立的音素；（２）音變是否有助於音韻系統結構的對稱平衡；（３）音變是否有助於區辨音與音的差異。社會因素的條件為：（１）方音是否具備負面社會評價；（２）是否向鄰近強勢方音靠攏。我們假設具備越多上述利於音變的條件，則音變的程度越高。調查結果顯示，鹿谷及安平方言的音變，符合我們的假設。本文以Labov的理論架構，進一步提出影響音變的語言、社會因素之條件，探討方言接觸造成的音素或非音素性的變異與變化。

This study examines ongoing sound changes in two Taiwanese dialects, Lok-kok and An-peng, through an investigation of the degrees of lexical diffusion, which we believe are caused by linguistic and social factors. With respect to linguistic factors, we predict that a sound will undergo faster change if a more prestigious dialect has a corresponding sound as another phoneme in its phonological system. We also confirm the idea that a lack of pattern congruence will enhance sound change. Thirdly, we find that sound change occurs more readily if it results in a sound that is more distinct from other sounds. Social factors can influence sound change, too, such as when a dialect is negatively evaluated by speakers of other dialects (exemplified in the changes occurring to a number of uncommon sounds in the Lok-kok dialect). In addition, sound change can occur at a faster rate under the influence of more prestigious neighboring dialects. Overall, our results show that the sound changes in both Lok-kok and An-peng dialects correlate with our predictions regarding both linguistic and social factors.