隱喻與情理──孟學論辯放到當代西方哲學時

Metaphor, Feeling and Reason: Positioning Mencius' Argumentation in Contemporary Western Philosophy

本文由隱喻的角度，分析孟子的論辯。孟子善於由重新框架議題之所以成立的預設，調節人對議題的看法和感覺；本文稱此論辯手法為「重設法則」。 對孟子而言，論辯的要點不會只在結論成不成立，而重新框架也不會只限於論辯的場合。善用隱喻而重新調節感覺，特別是道德與政治場域中合不合乎情理的感覺，尤為重要。孟子的重設法則，放到現代的民主生活，特別是羅爾斯稱為「合理多元的事實」所成立的脈絡裡，依然適用。本文由重設法則的講理方式，比較羅爾吉斯的正義論與孟子的政治思想。

This study offers a metaphorical analysis of Mencius' arguments. A prominent tactic that Mencius uses in his arguments is reframing. He does not merely argue for or against a conclusion; instead he also reframes the presuppositions and changes the metaphors surrounding a particular issue and, in doing so, alters people's views on that issue. The Mencian tactic of reframing is applied not only to argumentation; it is also used to readjust people's feelings and perceptions of what is reasonable in moral and political domains. The fact of reasonable pluralism in our time, as characterized by John Rawls (1993/2005), makes this reframing tactic even more apt. A comparison of Rawls' theory of justice and Mencius' political thought is made with reference to the reframing perspective.