袁桷及其藏書始末探論

On Yuan Jue and His History of Book Collection

元代國祚不及百年，其私人藏書之情況，學者研究較少。袁桷乃南宋世家之後，廣蓄書卷，且編有《袁氏新、舊書目》。然因藏書在其身後漸次散逸，兼以書且不傳，藏書情形己難全面了解。本文以袁桷所著《清容居土集》為中心，結合《延祐四明志》及他書的相關內容，簡介袁桷的生平著作及學術思想，管窺其文獻學內涵，並探析其藏書始末，以見元人藏書實況。袁桷於史學考據訓練有素，於理學主張會同朱陸，詩風尚三唐，開元人宗唐之風。好目錄學，精於賞鑑考據，少時便曾分彙宋史資料。袁桷曾祖袁韶即好聚書，數世以來，典藏豐富。其家書籍之來源，不外手自抄寫、採購、餽贈三途。袁家世仕南宋，宋史資料甚饒。袁桷藏書頗有珍品，如陸淳《春秋纂例》乃寶章桂氏精校本，李後主詩乃作者手稿，王應麟《困學紀聞》、戴表元文集、黃震《日抄》、胡三省《音註資治通鑑》等稿本、鈔本當亦在其所。袁氏藏書於袁桷去世後尚自其孫袁曮保存，元惠宗至正初年，曾捐書數千卷以資宋史館修史。至元代末年，兵荒馬亂，袁氏家族衰落，子孫黯弱，藏書多為婢妾所毀、僕幹所竊，終至所存無幾。自南宋中葉至元代覆亡，袁氏藏書巋然東南百有餘年，時越兩朝，人更六代，故元末孔齊謂袁氏藏書「國朝以來，甲於浙東」。欲考有元一代私人藏書之風，袁桷典藏可謂知味一臠。

The duration of the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) was less than one century, and the history of book-collecting in this period has seldom been studied by scholars. A descendant of a politically influential family in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), Yuan Jue (1266-1327) was a notable book-collector and the compiler of two bibliographies, Yuan Shi jiu Shu Mu and Yuan Shi Xin Shu Mu. Since Yuan Jue's book collection gradually disappeared after his death and his bibliographies are no longer extant, it is difficult to gain a thorough knowledge of his book-collecting. Focusing on the related materials in Yuan Jue's Qing Rong Ju Shi Ji and Yan You Si Ming Zhi, as well as other classical works, this article introduces Yuan Jue's life and philosophy, probes his ideas of documentology, and investigates the history of his book collection. This will allow us to increase our understanding of book-collecting in the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan Jue was a famous historian. He maintained a neutral stance toward neo-Confucianism, and he encouraged people to learn from the Tang poetry for creative writing. He was also interested in bibliographical study and was a connoisseur of ancient books. In his childhood, he started to gather and classify the historical materials of the Song Dynasty. Since the time of Yuan Shao, the great-grandfather of Yuan Jue, the Yuan family had been collecting books. The books were obtained by copying, purchasing and receiving as gifts. After the death of Yuan Jue, the books were kept by his grandson Yuan Yan, who later donated thousands of volumes for the government's compilation of The History of the Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, the peasant rebellions in the late Yuan Dynasty caused the decline of the Yuan family, and the loss of the book collection as well. The books were either destroyed by maids or stolen by servants. Nevertheless, it is remarkable that six generations of the Yuan family kept the books for over a hundred years. Yuan Jue's book collection was the most famous one in Zhejiang Province during the Yuan Dynasty, and examining it is a good way to study the conditions of book-collecting in this period.