桑悅及其《楚辭評》考論

A Study of Sang Yue and His Chu Ci Ping

明代前期，皇權膨脹，道學獨尊，文壇由臺閣作家主導，楚辭學甚為不振。師古說先驅者桑悅的《楚辭評》是明代最早的楚辭學專著。此書從未付梓，久已亡佚，其遺說只有二十五條保留於蔣之翹編《七十二家評楚辭》。本文通過桑悅生平及著作的考辨、其文學思想大要的綜論，探討《楚辭評》之流傳、真偽、成書年代問題；並本於《七十二家評楚辭》所錄桑悅二十五條遺說，考述《楚辭評》原書之內容，進一步了解桑悅的文學思想，以見成化、弘治間楚辭學、文學思潮的特色及學風轉變的實況。

In the first half of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), when the imperial autocracy was expanding and Neo-Confucianism was orthodox, the study of Chu Ci was in a low key. Sang Yue 桑悅 (1447-1503), a forerunner of classicism, composed Chu Ci Ping 楚辭評, the first work about the study of Chu Ci in the Ming dynasty. This book was never published and is nolonger extant, with only 25 entries of its fragments kept in Qi Shi Er Jia Ping Chu Ci 七十二家評楚辭, edited and published by Jiang Zhi-qiao 蔣之翹in the late Ming period. Through an examination of Sang Yue's life and his works and a general depiction of his literary ideas, this article investigates the 25 entries of Chu Ci Ping's fragments in order to clarify the questions about the circulation, the authenticity, and the composition background of this book. In addition, on the basis of the 25 entries of the fragments, the original content of Chu Ci Ping is studied so as to further understand the literary thoughts of Sang Yue, the features of the study of Chu Ci and the literary vogue, and the circumstances of a changing academic climate in the mid-Ming times.