牟宗三早年對中國農村問題的研究

Mou Zongsan's Study of China's Rural Problems in the 1930s

迄今為止，學界對牟宗三的研究，基本上只是將其作為一個哲學家來處理的。但是，牟宗三一生其實具有強烈的現實關懷，決非躲在象牙塔內「獨與天地精神相往來」。對關乎時代的政治、社會、經濟、歷史和文化問題，他往往都有深入獨到的觀察。有些問題貫徹其一生，有些問題則對應特定的歷史時期，與當時的社會現實息息相關，構成當時知識人群體討論的組成部分。二十世紀三Ｏ年代前期，中國的農村問題成為關係國計民生的核心和社會各階層普遍關注的對象，牟宗三也在1934年和1935年連續發表了一系列的文章，提出了他對於中國農村問題的一整套看法，成為三Ｏ年代關注並探討中國農村問題的知識人群體中的一員。可惜的是，八Ｏ年代以來，無論在牟宗三研究的領域還是在有關三Ｏ年代中國農村問題研究的領域，這些文章都未進入研究者的視野。因此，考察牟宗三1930年代對於中國農村問題的研究，既可以使我們瞭解牟宗三思想歷程的一個重要環節，從而認識牟宗三在哲學之外其他方面的關懷和成就，還可以擴展我們對於三Ｏ年代中國農村研究及其相關問題的認識。對於二十世紀三Ｏ年代中期牟宗三有關中國農村問題的研究，本文的考察包括兩個部分：首先，是他對於中國農村經濟局面和社會形態的基本判斷：其次，是他提出的解決農村問題的一整套方案。

Mou Zongsan has been treated as only a philosopher up till now. He, however, had strong political and social concerns in his life and did not simply develop his own conceptual speculation sheltered in the ivory tower. He often had thorough and unique observations on political, social, economic, historical, and cultural issues of the day. Some concerns appeared throughout his life, while others emerged from specific historical periods, had resonance with social realities of those periods, and constituted an integral part of the discussion or debate of the intellectual community of the time. Rural problems became the focus of the Chinese economy and received attention from almost all social classes in the 1930s. Mou Zongsan also published a series of articles in 1934 and 1935 in which he developed his views on Chinese rural problems, and accordingly became one of the intellectuals who were concerned about and probed problems of rural China in the 1930s. Regrettably, those articles by Mou have not been noticed and discussed in the study of Mou Zongsan and the studies of Chinese rural problems in the 1930s. An examination of Mou Zongsan's study of Chinese rural problems in the 1930s not only can help us to know an important segment of Mou's own thought and understand his concern and achievement besides philosophy, but also can broaden and deepen our knowledge of the discussion of and debate over Chinese rural problems in the 1930s. This article includes two main parts: to clarify his basic judgment of the economic situation and social status of rural China, and to analyze his prescription to solve the problems of rural China.