當代鄒族戰祭的意義──一個後殖民的解讀

The Contemporary Tsou War Festival: A Post-colonial Interpretation

本論文以後殖民理論觀點，解讀阿里山鄒族當代戰祭（mayasvi）的意義。鄒族傳統戰祭持續舉行已經成為當代鄒族認同建構的重要場域，透過祭儀的持續表現鄒族的主體性與身份認同。當代有關鄒族戰祭延續的現象研究，有兩個討論主軸：其一是對祭儀的「懷舊」論述，表現對過去儀式內容、意義與價值之推崇和眷戀，視戰祭為鄒族珍貴的文化遺產而應予以保存、持續復振；其二是關注於戰祭的文化與政治目的之「解殖」論述，藉著維繫戰祭去控訴、抵抗殖民主義霸權對鄒族的壓迫與蝕毀。本文則另闢蹊徑，以後殖民「混雜性」的概念討論戰祭的展演，著重在時空變遷所導致戰祭內容與形式的持續變化與重組等「混雜性」的特質。本文描述鄒族在後殖民情境脈絡下，如何被捲進現代社會的戰祭，為了貼近當代日常生活的需求，探討族人如何將戰祭去脈絡化，又再脈絡化，強化或弱化部份儀式的意義，此現象均形構了新的鄒族後殖民認同。混雜性概念關注戰祭對過去與現在、內部與外部的各類文化元素的混融和挪用的現象。在混雜化的過程中，應透過具有批判性的擷取過程以及動態協商的機制，作為建構新鄒族主體性的策略和方法。

This paper provides a post-colonial perspective in investigating contemporary War Festival of the Tsou Nation in Alishan. The continuous holding of the traditional War Festival has acted for itself as an important display and field of Tsou’s ethnic subjectivity and identity. Regarding cultural festival as representation of ethnic identity, there are two main discourses within the academic circle in Taiwan: the ‘nostalgic’ interpretation of traditional ritual, and the ‘decolonization’ with a strong political implication. This paper offers an alternative framework to understand the War Festival through the concept of hybridity. This article presents the ways in which the War Festival has been engulfed into the modern society, and shows how the tribal people continually de-contextualize and re-contextualizes the meanings of the War Festival. In addition, the authors argue for the critical extraction process and dynamic negotiation mechanisms should be taken as strategies for the construction of new subjectivity for the Tsou Nation.