論戰後（1945-1947）中美共同軍事佔領臺灣的事實與問題

Military Occupation of Taiwan by R.O.C. and U.S.A. after Surrender of Japan (1945-1947)

一般以為1945年8月15日是「戰後」或「終戰」的開始，但就國際法言，這是「停戰狀態」，1952年4月28日舊金山和約生效後，才是真正「戰後」或「終戰」的開始。嚴格而言，1945年8月至1952年4月這段期間是盟國對日本帝國全領域的「佔領」時期。然而在長期黨國教育與宣傳下，往往使人忽略、無視「佔領的事實」與「法理的程序」，而把「佔領」解釋為「光復」，形成了臺灣戰後史許多曲解與誤解之根源。本文想從「法理」與「歷史事實」兩個基礎上，重建臺灣這一段被「佔領」的歷史。此一歷史始於中美的共同佔領，雖然最後美國成立領事館代替美軍佔領任務，中國當局則因腐敗無能，使民不聊生，而爆發二二八事件，導致佔領的長官公署軍政府改組具「文人政府」意義的省政府。但這兩者只是表面狀態的改變，實際佔領的本質並無改變，只能說明中華民國雖統治著臺灣，卻無法證明擁有臺灣主權。

The surrender of Japan was on August 15, 1945 is generally deemed the end of World War II and the beginning of the post-war era. However, according to international law, it signified only a 'truce' between the Allies and the Axis Powers. Not until the Peace Treaty of San Francisco took effect on April 28, 1952 did the war really come to a close. Hence, strictly speaking, Taiwan was still under the sovereign power of Japan from August 1945 to April 1952. Nevertheless, such fact and history had been distorted by the KMT whose military occupation of Taiwan was 'glorified' as the retrocession or 'return to China'. From the perspectives of international law and historical facts, this article reconstructed what actually happened during that era. Between 1945 and 1947, Taiwan was occupied by both the Republic of China and the United States Armed Forces. With the signing of San Francisco Peace Treaty, Japan renounced sovereignty over Taiwan. The supposed 'temporary' occupation of Taiwan by the ROC Army on behalf of the Allied forces subsequently became the authoritarian rule of KMT until the lifting of Martial Law in 1987. While the ROC did obtain and maintain control of Taiwan after the surrender of Japan, whether it has legal sovereignty of Taiwan remains to be justified.