自發性縱膈腔氣腫之病例報告

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Case Report

本文報告一名14歲女性，因上呼吸道症狀至急診求診，並發現胸部X光片上有縱膈腔氣腫之表現。自發性縱膈腔氣腫是指沒有外傷性或醫源性的傷害，但可於縱膈腔發現氣體進入之情況。自發性縱膈腔氣腫是臨床上罕見的情況，但發生率以兒童青少年較為常見。治療方面以支持性療法為主，通常預後良好且復發率低。但仍需注意病人是否有合併其它潛在性問題，例如食道破裂、氣胸或肺部感染等情況。

We reported a 14-year-old girl sent to the emergency department because of upper respiratory symptoms. Chest X-ray revealed pneumomediastinum. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum means pneumomediastinum without traumatic or iatrogenic injury, which is a relatively rare disease. Children and adolescents have higher incidence to get the disease. The prognosis is usually good under supportive care and the recurrence rate is low. However, we should always keep in mind that the patients may have underlying cormobid diseases, such as esophageal rupture, asthma or lung infection.