強迫性購買：文獻回顧

Compulsive Buying: A Literature Review

強迫性購買易造成病患之心理困擾、人際障礙及社會問題，近年來已逐漸引起大眾之注意。許多研究發現強迫性購買常發生於患者負面情緒時所產生的衝動，購買超過自己能力所能負擔之物品，該物品往往並非所需，而購物後即產生罪惡感、愧疚、迷惘或心情低落。此疾患常發生於女性、物質主義者及低自尊者。雖病因不詳，但可能與生物、心理及社會因素相關聯，例如神經傳遞物質之異常、幼年時期之物慾經驗、低自尊心、過度物質主義、完美主義、或社會風氣之趨使等。治療方面，通常必須以心理治療、認知行為治療、或團體治療，同時配合藥物治療，以收其療效。此外，強迫性購買常會有精神疾患共病現象，諸如憂鬱疾患、焦慮症、強迫症等，故未來之相關研究，應同時評估強迫性購買之流行病學、病理學、家族史及共病疾患。

Compulsive buying has begun to receive attention in recent years because it can cause significant psychological, interpersonal, and financial difficulties. Data from numerous studies suggest that compulsive buying occurs in response to negative emotions or loss of control, and the affected individuals that buy more items than they need or can afford. The buying behavior is then followed by depression, disillusionment, shame, and guilt. Studies also show that most compulsive buyers are female, as women tend to be materialistic and often have low self-esteem. The etiologies of compulsive buying are currently unknown. Compulsive buying may be the results of the interplay of biological, psychological, and sociological factors, including a deficiency of neurotransmitters, low self-esteem, strong materialism, and the social acceptability of buying to assuage negative emotions. Compulsive buying may be concurrent with other psychiatric disorders, such as mood, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Some antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, may help some patients control their symptoms. Individual and group psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy may also be helpful. Systematic examination of the epidemiology, psychopathology, family history and psychiatric comorbidity, and the response to biological and psychological treatments is warranted to advance our understanding of this disorder.