原民物語《愛馬的小女孩》和《議事團》的物活論述

Hylozoism Drew Hayden Taylor's Girl Who Loved Her Horses and William S. Yellow Robe, Jr.'s The Council

「物活主義」（hylozoism）一詞乃由hyle（物質）和zoe（生命）二字所構成，其中心概念為：物質與生命構成世界一切，又譯「萬物有生論」。物活論者有主張以萬物易變為物活之體現，亦有主張「魂／靈（soul/spirit）」為主要認定驗證，本文則採用晨尼（Jim Cheney）的「生態地域式敘事」（bioregional narrative），輔以美國學者克渥斯基（Gary A. Kowalski）的「物種交相冥想（interspecies meditation）」，亦同於海德格（Martin Heidegger）「開放的冥思」（meditative openness）來解讀兩本北美原住民戲劇。本文分別從兩大面向來架構物活論述：首先從泰勒（Drew Hayden Taylor）《愛馬的小女孩》（Girl Who Loved Her Horses）討論原住民文化中，攸關石頭與魂／靈之間的辯證；其次，針對黃袍（William S. Yellow Robe, Jr.）的《議事團》（The Council）討論「文本脈絡式論述」（contextual discourse）和「殖民論述」（colonizing discourse）間的迥異。透過以上討論，本文希冀映照北美原住民劇作中的物活體現，架構屬於原住民樣態的物活物語。

Hylozoism, the combination of hyle (materials; matters) and zoe (life), refers to an ancient Grecian theory in which all matters/things/beings are animated. Based on Jim Cheney's bioregional narrative and Gary A. Kowalski's interspecies meditation which is similar to Martin Heidegger's meditative openness, this paper excogitates the hylozoic concern of two North American indigenous plays: Drew Hayden Taylor's Girl Who Loved Her Horses, and William S. Yellow Robe, Jr.'s The Council, to introduce a narrative expression and to present an indigenous mien different from an anthropological orientation.