現代新儒學研究之省察

A Reexamination of the Investigation of “Contemporary New Confucianism”

近年來大陸廣泛流行的「現代新儒學」一詞，定出了一份十五人的名單，我順著這條線索做出了一個三代四群的架構：第一代第一群：梁漱溟、熊十力、馬一浮、張君勤；第一代第二群：馮友蘭、賀麟、錢穆、方東美；第二代第三群：唐君毅、牟宗三、徐復觀；第三代第四群：余英時、劉述先、成中英、杜維明，而港、臺、海外則流行「當代新儒家」一詞，那是指由熊十力開啟，唐、牟、徐發揚光大，而為第三代的杜維明等所繼承的一條線索。這一架構配合二十世紀二○年代對五四的反激，四○年代抗戰的剌激，六○年代港、臺的流徙，八十年代海外的傳播，四波的發展，乃可對這一思潮有一比較全面性的掌握與中肯的了解。

In recent years Mainland China conducted research of the so-called “[Contemporary] New Confucianism” (hsien-tai hsin-ju-hsueh). A list of fifteen names was adopted. I follow up this line of approach and find a structure of “Four Groups in Three Generations” as follows: First Generation, First Group: Liang Shu-ming, Hsiung Shih-li, Ma I-fu, Carsun Chang First Generation, Second Group: Fung Yu-lan, Ho Lin, Ch'ien Mu, Thome H. Fang Second Generation, Third Group: Tang Chun-i, Mou Tsung-san, Hsu Fu-Kuan Third Generation, Fourth Group: Yu Ying-shih, Liu Shu-hsien, Ch'eng Chung-ying, Tu Wei-ming On the other hand, in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and overseas, another term, “Contemporary Neo-Confucianism” (tang-tai hsin-ju-chia), has been adopted. It refers to the movement initiated by Hsiung Shih-li, succeeded by T'ang Chun-i and Mou Tsung-san, and promoted by Tu Wei-ming and others overseas. Thus, the term “New Confucianism” refers to the movement in the broader sense, while the term “Contemporary Neo-Confucianism” stands for the movement in a narrower sense. The distinction would help remove a lot of unnecessary confusions and controversies. My structure-combined with the observation of four waves of development in the nineteen-twenties, forties, sixties, and eighties-would provide a nice bird's-eye view of the movement developed so far, and also clues to look forward toward the future.