淨影寺慧遠的心識思想

Ching-ying Hui-yuian’s Teaching of Consciousness

淨影寺慧遠（523～592)為陳、隋時代的重要佛教思想家，他早年習學地論學宗匠法上(495～580)門下，晚歲又受到攝論學影響。地論學和攝論學乃是根據世親的《十地經論》和無著的《攝大乘論》的教學而形成的中國佛教學統。無著和世親為大乘佛教瑜伽行學派的創立人，而《十地經論》和《攝大乘論》於六世紀先後譯出，要為瑜伽行教學傳入中國的開始。隨著《十地經論》和《攝大乘論》的流行，出現了這兩部論著的專家，稱為「地論師」和「攝論師」。從現存資料看，地論師和攝論師在研習《十地經論》和《攝大乘論》的同時，又深受《勝鬘經》、《楞伽經》、《大乘起信論》等如來藏系經典影響，建立具有自身特色的學說。淨影寺慧遠的心識思想，清楚反映了這一派學說的特點，有探討的價值。慧遠著述宏富，其著作最著名者，首推《大乘義章》。《大乘義章》集合佛門要義，共二百四十九科，詳加申釋，以闡發大乘教學的深意。其中〈八識義〉一科，以「八識」觀念為基礎，對有情眾生的心識作出分類；對不同種類心識的特性、它們之間的關係等，有深入的剖析；為研究慧遠心識思想的最重要參考文獻。以下的討論，主要以此〈科〉所言為根據。

The introduction of Yogacara texts into China in the early sixth century had led to the formation of the so-called Ti-lun School 地論宗 and She-lun School 攝論宗. Ching-ying Hui-yuan 淨影慧遠（523~592) was a leading figure of the Ti-lun School, and had come under the influence of She-lun teaching. His thought demonstrated many of the key features of early Chinese Yogacara teaching. This article analyses Hui-yuan's teaching of consciousness basing on the chapter on the eight consciousnesses in the Ta-ch'eng I-chang 大乘義章, Hui-yuan's most important writing. It relates the various taxomonies of conscious states constructed by Hui-yuan, examines Hui-yuan's descriptions of different consciousnesses, and shows how Hui-yuan's analysis of consciousness provides a conceptual framework to explain the facts of transmigration and liberation. The main aim of the discussion is to demonstrate the synthesis of alaya teaching and tathagatagarbha teaching typical of early Chinese Yogacara.