從多元文化諮商觀點探討男同志諮商實務

Counseling Practice With Gay or Bisexual Men: A Multicultural Counseling Perspective

本文從多元文化諮商觀點探討影響男同志諮商實務的因素。研究者訪談三位男同志當事人諮商經驗，以主題分析法整理訪談資料，發現與男同志諮商的有效因素：「以當事人為中心」、「切中當事人的重要個人議題」、「晤談技巧使用得宜」，與一般諮商無異；另，與男同志身份相關的四項因素：「具備男同志社群的知識」、「察覺男同志身份衍生的特殊社會議題」、「真誠的同理或支持當事人的男同志身份與經驗」、「以開放的態度與當事人討論各種男同志文化中的經驗」。無效的反應有：「對男同志議題採取焦慮、迴避的態度」、「缺乏敏感性，無法發覺同志議題的特殊性」、「專家角色，執意進行同性戀評估」、「使用中性的語言及姿態，但暗藏對同性戀的偏見」。藉由多元文化諮商觀點，本文不僅指出台灣既有諮商輔導文獻中的迷思，也對諮商實務工作者與男同志當事人提出相關建議。

Abstract: This article discusses the factors related to the counseling practice with gay or bisexual men from a multicultural counseling perspective. By interviewing three gay or bisexual clients about their counseling experiences and analyzing the data with thematic analysis， the researcher concluded seven important factors: client-center， aiming client’s personal issues， appropriate conseling skills， knowledge about gay community， awareness of special social issues related to gay identity， authentic sympathy or supportiveness to client’s gay identity or experiences， openness to client’s various experences in gay culture， which counselors should pay attention to in order to work effectively with gay or bisexual clients. On the other hand， four ineffective counseling practices were also identified: anxiety about or avoidance of gay issues， insensitivity to gay issues， insisting on evaluating client’s gay identity， implicit prejustice against gay in neutral languages or attitudes. This article indicates the bias existing in the literatures related to LGB counseling in Taiwan and provides some suggestions to counselors and gay or bisexual clients from a multicultural counseling perspective.