作業環境測定制度研究──化學性因子

A Study of Workplace Environmental Monitoring Regulations - Chemical Agents

本研究針對我國、英、美、日及新加坡等國，蒐集作業環境測定法規及制度，加以比較分析，檢討我國作業環境測定制度。資料蒐集要項包括：作業環境測定法規、法定測定項目、採樣人員資格規範、分析實驗室認證制度及分析能力比試制度等。經由資料的蒐集與整理，發現作業環境測定之概念，日本與英美略有不同。英美法規著重勞工暴露的評估，採用個人採樣；日本法規強調工作環境的評估，採用區域採樣。我國與日本對於法定作業環境測定項目係規定於一段時間內至少測定一次。英美規定雇主需對於勞工的化學暴露進行評估，當暴露濃度有可能超過容許暴露濃度（或二分之一容許暴露濃度），需進行暴露測定；測定頻率則依濃度高低而定；對於特殊高暴露作業，需進行額外測定。最後對於我國作業環境測定制度提出若干檢討，包括法定測定項目之增加、測定頻率依濃度調整、著重個人採樣以及告知勞工測定結果。

This study aims to collect and analyze the workplace environmental monitoring related regulations, guidance and laboratory accreditation systems of Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the Republic of China. The document search focuses on workplace environmental monitoring regulations, mandatory monitoring compounds, air sampling personnel qualification, industrial hygiene laboratory accreditation system and proficiency analytical testing program. The collected documents reveal the differences in the pronciples of workplace environmental monitoring among the studied countries. In Japan, sampling is primarily used for the workplace environment monitoring regulation compliance; while in U.K. and U.S.A. personal sampling is preferred to assess worker’s exposure. In R.O.C. and Japan, about 80 chemicals are mandatory workplace environmental monitoring targets with regular monitoring frequency. In U.K. and U.S.A., employers have to assess all potential chemical exposure of the workers. When the exposure exceeds one-half of the permissible exposure limit, initial exposure monitoring should be performed. Regular monitoring frequency depends on the measured concentration. For unusually high exposure operations, the employers should perform additional monitoring. Some suggestions for the R.O.C. workplace environmental monitoring regulations are additional mandatory workplace environmental monitoring items, monitoring frequency depending on concentrations, personal sampling preference and informing workers of the monitoring results.