不同作業型態暴露勞工1,3-丁二烯暴露與血紅素結合物濃度之關係──初報

The Relationship of 1,3-Butadiene Exposure and Hemoglobin Adducts among Workers with Different Duties - A Preliminary Report

1,3-丁二烯（BD），在工業上大量被用來製造ABS橡膠。台灣的產值為世界第一。本研究之目的為1.了解橡膠業之清槽工作者與一般作業員工空氣中1,3-丁二烯暴露之情形2.建立1,3-丁二烯空氣中主要與被動採樣結果之關係聯性3.建立1,3-丁二烯空氣中時量平均量測（主動與被動）與真時採樣之關係4.調查現場員工於1,3-丁二烯暴露後，體內血紅素結合吻（Hb adducts）的情形5.建立現場員工空氣中1,3-丁二烯之暴露與體內Hb-adducts濃度之相關。本研究以高暴露之清槽工作者與低暴露之一般作業員工為對象，分別以主動式、被動式採樣器進行個人呼吸採樣及真時濃度偵測儀進行區域的真時採樣，亦採集工作前及工作後之血液，以GC/NICI-MS進行血紅素結合物之分析。本研究共完成7家工廠之採樣分析。樣本數為高暴露組29人，一般暴暴組32人。本研究結論為：1.高暴露組作業員之1,3-丁二烯暴露平均為6.08ppm，而一般員工8小時時量平均暴露濃度為0.3ppm，清槽員工之1,3-丁二烯暴露量明顯高於一般1,3-丁二烯暴露員工。2.由真時採樣（real-time）的資料分析看出，清槽作業時之1,3-丁二烯濃度呈現因工廠別、作業型態別而有明顯的差異，3.現場1,3-丁二烯之主動式採樣與被動式採樣分析結果顯示高度相關。顧及採樣效率與員工的配合意願，建議爾後可以考慮以被動式採樣進行採樣。4.清槽作業如採兩段式清洗（先以自動清洗裝置清洗，通風後，再請員工入槽清除壁殘餘物）之方式，1,3-丁二烯之暴露程度遠較直接入槽以高壓水槍清洗之方式為低，建議業者者應採二段式之清槽作業以減少員工之1,3-丁二烯暴露。5.15位受檢個體之血紅素結合物之分析，發現在CYP2E1之基因多型態性與空氣中1,3-丁二烯濃度有相關，其餘各項尚待進一步研究方能獲致進一步結論。

1,3-butadiene(BD) is widely used in the production of ABS rubber. Taiwan's annual ABS production has been ranked first for years globally. Purposes of this study were 1). to establish the database of exposure levels of butadiene for the regularly exposed workers and tank cleaners; 2). to explore the relationship of butadiene concentrations determined by active sampling and passive sampling; 3). to explore the relationship of butadiene exposure levels determined by real-time monitoring and time-weighted average personal monitoring; 4). to determine the hemoglobin adduct levels for the butadiene-related workers; 5) to establish the relationship between airborne butadiene concentrations and hemoglobin adduct levels among ABS manufacturing workers. The subjects of this study included two workers. Pre-and post-workshift blood samples were collected. GC/NICI-MS was used to determine hemoglobin adducts. We concluded that 1). the exposure level of groups high exposed group-tank cleaners and low exposed group-regular BD for tank cleaners were significantly higher than that for regular workers (6.08 ppm vs. 0.30 ppm); 2). the exposure data collected from real-time monitoring indicated that the tank cleaners could be exposed to peak exposure of BD up to 20 ppm momentarily; 3). the exposure data detected by parallel active and passive samplers showed significant consistency, implying the acceptability of using passive samples as a reasonable substitute of active samplers for future field studies; 4). the results of environmental monitoring indicated that the exposure levels were much lower if the two-phase processes were adopted than manual cleaning during tank cleaning; 5) cytochrome P450s-2E1(CYP2E1) and airborne BD levels were found to statistically associated with the levels of hemoglobin adducts. Further studies are needed to reach a final conclusion.