PU人造皮製造業空氣中有機溶劑採樣分析研究

Multicompound Analytical Method in PU Artificial Leather Factory

PU 人造皮製造業工作環境空氣中常見二甲基甲臨胺（DMF）、甲笨、丁閉（MEK）、 丙閉、乙酸乙酪（EAc）、乙酸丁酪（BAc）等數種有機溶劑同時存在，有發展一採樣分析 方法同時測定這些有機溶劑濃度的必要。本研究選擇該製造業空氣中常見的六種有機 溶劑為對象，以椰子殼活性碳管為採集介質，氣相層析儀／火燄離子偵測器（的C/FID） 進行分析，以 5%（v/v）2-丁醇／二硫化碳、5%（v/v）正戊醇／二硫化碳、20%（v/v）正戊醇／二硫化碳所得之脫附效率高低作為篩檢脫附溶劑的指標，再以篩檢出的脫附溶劑進行 混存物質建立採樣分析方法，並實際在 PU 人造皮工廠進行主動和被動採樣分析方法 的比對。比較分離圖譜和脫附效率測試結果，選定 20%正戊醇／二硫化碳為脫附溶劑，二 甲基甲臨胺的脫附效率可達 86%，甲笨、丁閉、丙閉、乙酸乙酪、乙酸丁酪等五種有 機溶劑的脫附效率在 92%以上。穩定度測試結果顯示，甲笨、丁閉、丙閉、乙酸乙酪、 二甲基甲臨胺等五種混存有機溶劑冷藏儲放時間至少 7 天，乙酸丁酪儲放時間則有待 確認。在 30.l±0.3oC，79.8±0.9 阻 條件下，產生六種化合物 0.5 倍容許濃度之混存物 標準氣體，得建議採樣體積為 5.20L，破出先後順序為丙閉、乙酸丁酪、乙酸乙酪。 進行 PU 人造皮製造業工作場所測定結果，顯示現場空氣中有丙閉、丁閉、甲笨及二 甲基甲臨胺四種有機溶劑存在；比對個人及定點測定結果，主動及被動兩種採樣方式 均有統計顯著差異（p<<0.05，雙尾）。

Solvents such as dimethyl formamide(DMF), toluene, butyl acetate(BAc), methyl ethyl ketone(MEK), acetone and ethyl acetate(EAc) are commonly used found in the PU artificial leather manufacturing processes. Therefore, it is important to develop a unique technique, which would simultaneously measure concentrations of these organic solvents. In this study, coconut shell charcoal tube was used as the sampling medium, GC/FID was the analytical instrument and cross checks were made with three different desorption solvents, 5%(v/v)2-butanol/CS2, 5%(v/v)n-pantanol/CS2, and 20%(v/v) n-pantanol/CS2. The best desorption solvent was then slected to develop the sampling and analytical method. The result shows that 20%(v/v)n-pantanol/CS2 is a good desorption solvent. The desorption efficiency of DMF reached 86%, while desorption efficiency reached 92% for toluene, BAc, MEK, acetone and EAc. In stability tests, toluene, MEK, acetone, EAc and DMF remined stable for a minimum of 7days under refrigerated conditions, storage time of Bac needed to be evaluated further. Under the conditions of 30.1±0.3 °C, 79.8±0.9 %RH the generation of 0.5 PEL standard gas of above-mentioned chemical mixtures, would require a sampling volume of 5.20L. The breakthrough order was acetone, BAc, EAc. In field tests, DMF, MEK, BAc and acetone were detected. Results of the active and passive monitoring showed significant differences (p<<0.05, two-tailed).