英文摘要 |
This paper examines the transnational turn in Asian American Literature and the ways in which ethnic subjects migrate multiply at the interstices of different forms of power through reading Karen Tei Yamashita's novel Tropic of Orange. The migrant ethnic subjects in transnational contexts are portrayed not in terms of "difference" and "hybridity" but as sites of transit, simultaneously negotiating with sovereignty, global capitalism, and biopower. While transcending the geopolitical power of the nation still holds true in their transnational practices, they are constantly challenged by other forms of rule that relate to one another dialectically. Crossing the borders suggest not just crossing "beyond," but also "into" different skills of governmentality, forcing the migrant ethnic subjects to constantly reexamine their practices of migration, border-crossings and the skills of "homing." In the first part of the paper, I examine the parallel developments between capitalism and modes of power as explicated by Hardt and Negri to point out the blind spot in their celebration of a society without outside. While their incorporation of Foucauldian biopower into the theoretical construction of globalization is important and significant, they fail to detect the possibility of reterritorialization behind the technologies of biopolitics. In the meantime they fail to recognize the coexistence of these complex forms of power, and their interlocking dialectic relationships. The second part of the paper moves to a close reading of Tropic of Orange, discussing the paradox of "crossing" that characterizes the subjects of interstices in the novel. Taking Los Angeles as a city established on the borderland histories of imperialism, nationalism, global capitalism and biopower, I scrutinize the ways in which the ethnic subjects challenge nation state and racism, only to find themselves confronted by yet another form of rule-neoliberalism or biopolitical governmentality-that produces and reproduces their everyday life by depriving the significance of their ethnicity. Finally, I explore the possibility of counter-conduct through examining the minority subjects' lines of flight within the multiple realms of power. |