遲來的後殖民：賴香吟解嚴小說中的知識菁英和底層人民

Belated Postcoloniality: Intellectuals and the Subaltern in Lai Hsiang-yin's Post-Martial Law Fictions

賴香吟的許多小說處理學運世代知識分子的知識實踐，包括反抗威權體制、關注社會運動和底層人民、檢視理想與實踐等，但由於二二八事件前後及戒嚴時期特殊的殖民結構，這些知識菁英有時也發現自己是「底層人民」。本文藉用史碧娃克的「底層人民」概念和廖炳惠的「遲來的後殖民」概念，探討《島》當中的兩篇解嚴小說〈虛構與紀實〉和〈喧嘩與酩酊〉如何呈現知識菁英和底層人民所感知的後殖民的遲到以及他們對後殖民的參與或回應。兩篇一方面透過公私領域的錯綜糾葛，呈現解嚴以來遲來的後殖民與不同族群、政治與性別身分知識菁英的關係，並透過虛構或回憶反省國民黨威權統治的感覺結構。另方面兩篇暗批後殖民國家主義未能完全解決底層人民的問題，而其所彰顯的乃是社會改造的速度不如預期，在英雄敘事之外許多的焦灼與挫敗。第一部分我先說明史碧娃克的「底層人民」概念及其與印度國家主義論述的關係，第二部分對台灣「遲來的後殖民」與社會改造做背景說明，第三部分討論〈虛構與紀實〉，第四部分則討論〈喧嘩與酩酊〉。

Much of Lai Hsiang-yin's fiction deals with the political and moral commitment of intellectuals of the student-activism generation who defy the authoritarian rule, show strong concerns for social movements and the subaltern, and watch to see whether one practices what one preaches. As a result of the colonial structure created by the Kuomingtang government following the 228 Incident and under the martial law from 1949 to 1987, however, some of these intellectuals come to realize that they have been relegated to the status of the subaltern as well. This article applies Gayatri Spivak's notion of the subaltern and Ping-hui Liao's notion of belated postcoloniality to explore how the intellectuals and subaltern characters in Lai Hsiang-yin's two short stories ＂Fabrication and Recording＂ and ＂Uproar and Intoxication＂ experience the belatedness of postcoloniality and how they participate in or respond to postcoloniality. On one hand, the two stories portray the entanglements between private and public spheres, thereby presenting belated postcoloniality not only in relation to intellectuals of different ethnic, political, and gender identities but also in relation to the ＂structure of feeling＂ of the authoritarian rule under the martial law. On the other hand, the two stories also implicitly criticize postcolonial nationalism as failing to utterly solve the problems of the subaltern, thus revealing the intellectuals' anxieties and frustrations with regard to the slow progress of social restructuring. The first section of the article discusses Gayatri Spivak's notion of the subaltern in relation to Indian nationalist discourse. The second section delves into Ping-hui Liao's notion of Taiwan's belated postcoloniality in relation to social restructuring. The third and fourth sections undertake textual analysis of ＂Fabrication and Recording＂ and ＂Uproar and Intoxication＂ respectively.