英文摘要 |
The work of the Russian émigré and philosopher Alexandre Kojève was very influential for the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, and has often been used to interpret Lacan’s writings. This article argues, however, that the basic conceptual framework of Kojève’s thought is fundamentally misleading when applied to Lacan and to psychoanalysis generally. Kojève’s philosophical analysis of intersubjectivity and human desire, grounded in the master-slave dialectic of Hegel, obscures many of the central problems of psychoanalysis: it minimizes the question of sexual difference, neglects the problem of the body, distorts the Lacanian conception of the subject, and leaves entirely aside the problems of the drive, the object-relation, and sexuality. This article reviews Kojève’s account of the master-slave relation, shows how these conceptual distortions occur, and then explores a more accurate account of Lacan’s work, focusing especially on the concepts of “need,” “demand” and “desire.” It also traces Lacan’s account back to its roots in Freud, and argues, from a broader genealogical perspective, that psychoanalysis marks a historical break with the organization of knowledge that governs Kojève’s philosophy, insofar as that philosophy remains organized by an opposition between “nature” and “culture” that psychoanalysis disrupts. |