列維納斯語言哲學中的文本觀

The Concept of Text in Levinas's Philosophy of Language

本文嘗試探討隱藏在列維納斯思想中的文本概念。儘管他是位現象學家，致力於對吾人之他者經驗作現象學分析，但因著他對猶太法典所作傑出的詮釋工作，筆者相信在他的哲學中蘊藏某種詮釋理論。本文即試圖以文本概念為焦點，分別從「理解的暴力」與「詮釋的責任」著手，提出面對文本的三種可能性：第一是理解的存有學，描述化約文本的暴力行動；第二是詮釋的倫理學，刻畫詮釋者對文本之無限啟示的回應；第三是宣道的政治學，著力於澄清文本與人民的關係。筆者主張，藉由這三重分析，我們可從列維納斯的哲學與宗教思想中獲得某種文本觀，觸及詮釋者與文本間的雙重關係，以及文本在社群中所扮演的角色。

As a phenomenologist, Emmanuel Levinas's main topic is the phenomenology of alterity, and his most famous achievement is the phenomenological description of the ethical relationship between the same and the other. But as a well-known interpreter of the Talmud, he also provided a hermeneutical paradigm. In this article, I purport to argue that, though he rarely discusses the problem of text, there is certainly a kind of theory of text in his works, and we can demonstrate it by means of his philosophy of language, especially the concepts of the saying and the said. According to the threefold structure of ＂the same-the other-the third,＂ I firstly describe the violence of understanding through Levinas's critique of Heidegger's ontology. Second, I investigate the ethics of interpretation in terms of Levinas's moral metaphysics and his religious reflection about the revelation of the other. Finally I extend the responsibility of interpretation into the realm of politics. Through the politics of sermon, we can clarify the social dimension of text and integrate text and people into an interpretative community.