東京的憂鬱：《珈琲時光》與記憶的策略

Tokyo Spleen: ＂Café Lumiere＂ and Tactics of Remembrance

本論文探討侯孝賢的電影──《珈琲時光》（2003）──中有關憂鬱與記憶的呈現。《珈琲時光》是侯孝賢應日本松竹映畫之邀，為紀念已故日本電影大師小津安二郎所拍攝的影片。論文首先討論「紀念」的本質與目的。「紀念」是特殊的記憶，是召喚死者、向死者致敬之儀式。但侯孝賢「紀念」／記憶小津的方式不是複製後者的思想或概念，而是在其軀體上嵌入「異者」，藉以完成死者未完成的自我。論文接著討論憂鬱與記憶的關係。憂鬱者具有曖昧矛盾的特質：既對生命感到厭倦怠惰，但又擁有「正常」人所欠缺的智慧；不僅是個人「疾病」，亦碰觸到社會意識形態的邊界或侷限。影片中的陽子是憂鬱的行者，心常掛記著遭到現代都會掩埋的過去與歷史。做為城市考古學家，陽子不停挖掘城市流動韻律下的過往時間、人物、事件。憂鬱陽子眼中所見之東京一方面是意義喪盡、但另一方面卻又是意義飽滿的空間／文本。做為符號與意義斷裂的寓言空間，陽子眼中之東京反而具有差異性，而非空洞、去歷史化的平面空間。相對於陽子的憂鬱，影片中的男主角肇則顯得「健康」許多。做為一位紀錄現代都會與城市經驗的藝術家，肇對於主體與社會關係的呈現同時具有意識形態與烏托邦補償兩個面向。論文結論指出肇的藝術作品──東京電車系統電腦繪圖──的「美感」乃建立在它呈現了美學化、整體化的東京，而美學與整體容易壓抑、遺忘的乃是扭曲到難以辨識的都會主體與時間碎片。

This paper probes the melancholic dialectic and tactics of remembrance in Hou Hsiao-Hsien's 2003 film, Café Lumiere. Café Lumiere was produced for the occasion of commemorating the 100th birth anniversary of the late Japanese film director Ozu Yasujiro. I argue firstly that the social function of the commemoration ritual is to evoke the memory of the dead. However, Hou's commemoration of Ozu Yasujiro is not a repetition or reproduction of the latter's filmic concerns; it is rather an occasion through which the Japanese director's repressed Other finds its expression. The second part interrogates the relationship between melancholy and remembrance. Here I read Yoko-san, the female protagonist, as a melancholy walker, whose primary concerns are the people and events repressed or forgotten by the rapidly developing modern metropolis, Tokyo. In the eyes of the melancholy walker, Tokyo is a meaningless, devalued city as well as an extremely meaningful text-space filled with discontinuous, heterogeneous fragments. In contrast to Yoko's melancholic, sorrowful contemplation, the male protagonist, Hajime, is a ＂healthy＂ artist whose work reveals an interesting dialectic of ideological imagination and utopian compensation. Representing Tokyo as a complete, consumable, euphoric image, Hajime's creative or aesthetic art, however, ignores the grotesque, fragmentary subjects and experiences which are only perceivable by a melancholy walker.