描述、想像與翻譯主體性：馬華文學理論批評案例

Description, Imagination and Trans-Planting Subjectivity: A Case of Mahua Literary's Critical Theory

身份與主體性是一種心理需要。作為後殖民語境下的新興文學支系，馬華文學對主體與身份屬性的追求始終沒有間斷。從二戰前左翼文學的自覺性探索開始，到內部的分化與徹底決裂，除了顯示馬華文學對身份追求的迫切感，亦充分彰顯其困惑與焦慮。獨立建國以後，國家意識形態的介入使身份主體的確立愈形複雜與艱難，也衍生了主體性認知的新問題。從對文學史撰述角度的質疑到理論建構的取角與自我合理化，無不一再揭示問題的本質。但卻少有論者針對爭論背后的理論挪用／迻譯問題進行檢視，如迻譯的適切性與取法問題、對歷史航道的干預與概念轉換等等。因而造就了當下馬華文學意識的模糊性。這也是本文嘗試探討的焦點。

Identity and subjectivity are psychological needs. As a tributary of new emergent literature in the context of post-colonial era, the pursuits of subjectivity and self-identity of Malaysian Literature in Chinese (normally known as Mahua Literature) had never come to an end. Beginning with the intention explored by the literary leftist during the pre-war period, up to the internal conflict and complete split between the writers-journalists in Chinese Communist Party and Malayan Communist Party right after the war, the phenomena had shown the impelling pursuit of Mahua Literature in conjunction with the searching of self-identity. Meanwhile, it also manifested the perplexity and anxiety of the literary tradition. After the emergence of the new nation, the intervention of national discourse has placed the task in a more sophisticated and rigorous position, and hence brought about new problems pertaining the recognition of subjectivity. Started from the doubt of the approach regarding the writing of literary history, up to theoretic construction and self-rationalization by certain critics, finally the nature of the problems had surfaced. Nonetheless, few observers were aware of it, or tried to look into the consequence of theoretic acculturation apart from the polemic, such as suitability of the trans-planting approach, intervention to the historical trajectory, the problem of conceptual switching, etc. Not surprising to say that these had led to certain obscurity in term of perception on Mahua literature today. And this article tries to focus on the topic.