家國意識形態的逃亡者：由田村俊子初期作品看明治期「女作家」及「女優」的定位

Escapees from the Domestic Ideology: ＂Women Writers＂ and ＂Actresses＂ in Tamura Toshiko's Early Works

田村俊子成為「作家．田村俊子」之前，徘徊於寫作與戲劇的領域之間，找尋自己的出路及定位。但在一九一○年代，也就是所謂的「新女性」（atarashi onna）時代，她「以年輕女性的巧思捕捉男性所無法意會的微妙之處」一躍成為文壇的新寵兒。同樣地，田村俊子在戲劇領域能夠獲得評價也是因為演出了「男性所無法模仿的女性角色」。在一九一○年前後，俊子在「寫作」及「戲劇」兩個領域中能夠確立自己的地位是由於她成功地描寫了「男性所無法描寫的女性」以及演出了「男性所無法演出的女性」。本文將探討田村俊子的初期作品中所描寫的「女作家」及「女優」的定位問題，此外對於「女作家」及「女優」們自家國意識形態逃亡的願望深層也將有更進一步的探討。

Before becoming the writer Tamura Toshiko, Tamura Toshiko was wavering back and forth between the profession of writing and that of acting. In the 1910s, the so-called New Woman Era, she became the most popular woman writer because she could ＂catch the subtlety that men were not able to.＂ For the same reason, Tamura was able to gain recognition in acting because ＂she was able to play the female role which men could not imitate.＂ Tamura thus established herself in both writing and acting. This paper will examine not only the role of ＂women writers＂ and ＂actresses＂ in Tamura's early works but also their unconscious desires to run away from the ＂domestic ideology.＂