多物體追蹤任務與競技運動

Multiple object tracking and competitive sport

近年來運動科學家針對運動選手知覺能力與運動表現之間的關係進行探討，研究注意力對於選手競技運動表現的影響，並以此項能力作為運動選才的參考指標之一。Pylyshyn與Strom於1988年提出多物體追蹤任務的模型，解釋人類在日常生活中注意力維持與分配的能力。近30年間的研究進一步發現，物體數目、移動速度、形狀、顏色、甚至彼此之間的距離，都是影響追蹤表現的因素。除了以實驗心理學理論建構面向的探討，有學者透過此項任務發現不同層級運動選手、不同守備位置選手在多物體追蹤能力上出現差異，並指出多物體追蹤的能力可以被訓練且能達到轉移至實際場域的作用。本文藉由回顧相關文獻，探討運動選手及多物體追蹤能力的關係，除提供運動科學家未來進行認知與運動科學相結合之研究方向，也能協助教練及選手作為選才以及訓練效益之評估參考。

The relationship between athletes' perceptual abilities and sport performance has discussed by sport scientist in recent years. Researchers have investigated the influence of attention on sports performance and attempted to use this ability as a reference indicator of talent identification in sports. Pylyshyn and Storm (1988) proposed the paradigm of Multiple Objects Tracking (MOT) to explain the ability of maintaining and controlling the attention during daily activities. Researches from past decades discovered that the number, shifting speed, shape, color, distance of the objects may alter the tracking accuracy. Studies have identified that athletes of different levels and players in different positions have differences performance on MOT task, and also pointed out that the ability of multiple object tracking can be trained and has transfer effect to the field. This review article provided the direction for sports scientists examine future studies of combining cognitive science and sports science, in order to assist coaches and athletes in talent identification and sports training.