從輸入－中介－輸出觀點剖析團隊認知與問題解決對團隊創造力之影響

Explaining Team Creativity through Team Cognition Theory and Problem Solving based on Input-Mediator-Output Approach

資訊系統開發過程中，團隊希望能夠在各階段針對所遇到的問題找到創造性的解決方案。而為了有效地發揮個人知識於專案任務中，除了發展團隊認知結構，促成團隊知識相關活動外；培養團隊問題解決能力也是不可或缺的一環。本研究整合團隊認知理論與問題解決觀點，探討其在系統開發過程中所扮演的角色。研究資料來自四所大學96個軟體開發團隊，透過PLS工具進行資料分析，結果顯示團隊認知（即共享心智模式與專業化、可靠、協調等交換記憶系統）和問題解決（即解決問題自我效能，解決問題能力）在資訊系統開發環境與團隊創造力關係中，確實扮演關鍵性的角色。特別地，當團隊成員有較高的團隊認知或較強的問題解決能力時，其流程導向創造力也會愈好。

In the information systems development (ISD) context, project teams are expected to find creative solutions to the problems encountered in the planning, development, and execution of projects. To efficiently leverage individual knowledge, team members must develop team cognition structures that facilitate their knowledge activities. This research examines the roles of team cognition and problem solving in successful ISD project teams. Data from 96 software development teams from four universities were obtained and analyzed. Relying on a multi-level conceptualization of team cognition, problem solving, and team creativity, our findings suggest that team cognition and problem solving on the relationship between task interdependence and team creativity are significant during software development, which means team cognition and problem solving can adequately account for how task interdependence influences team creativity as a mediator. Especially, process-based creativity is enhanced when team members have higher levels of team cognition or stronger problem solving abilities. It is concluded that in the context of ISD projects, team cognition (i.e., shared mental models, specialization, credibility, coordination) and problem solving (i.e., problem solving self-efficacy, problem solving skills) largely determine the extent of process-based creativity. The results are discussed in terms of the role of team cognition and problem solving in achieving such team creativity.