契約司法：一種可能的基層審判制度塑造

Judicial Adjudication through Contract: A Possible Innovation during the Process of the Grass-roots Dispute Settlement

基層法院秉持客觀中立的立場解決糾紛當然重要，但通過自願協商就案件爭議焦點達成協議的契約式司法，也可以成為頗有助益的制度調整。契約司法不僅能提高基層司法的效率和認可度，增強社會親和力，而且能有效地消融爭議焦點層面上的當事人“司法戰場”擴大化與法官“司法戰場”收縮化的“誰對誰錯”的棘手難題。契約司法值得展望，這意味著基層審判有時需要容忍甚至發展法官與當事人之間平等互動關係的“相互性”概念，而不是一味地固守法官純粹理性、威權、管束的“單向性”原則。從具體操作來看，如果契約司法可行，那麼其提示著法官需要發揮靈動的修辭技藝和展現友善的法庭態度。就理論角度而言，契約司法的探索，能使人們反思司法職業人與社會外行人的社會權力關係，深化對司法原理的認識。

In the grass-roots level dispute settlement, the courts' contractual method, aiming at reaching an unurged agreement for the disputed issue, is probably an attractive judicial strategy. The method can improve judicial efficiency, enhance judicial reputation, increase judicial social affinity, and resolve positively the harsh problem arising from the tension between the litigants' enlarging the range of their claims and the judges' reducing the range. It is undoubted that the method deserves our expectation, which means we need at whiles to tolerate, and even develop, the idea of mutuality of equal and interactive relationship between litigants and judges, rather than to embrace firmly the principle of one-dimension of pure rationality, unique authority and lateral control. Operatively, the method hints that the judges should express both smart rhetoric skill and friendly attitude. Theoretically, deliberating the method is able to make us rethink profoundly the social power relationship between legal profession and laymen, and further, to understand deeply the general judicial doctrine and theories.