身份犯共犯教義學原理的重構與應用

Reconstruction and Utilization on Dogmatic of the Issue of Status and Complicity

長期以來，我國學界都根據真正身份、不真正身份這一形式化區分標準來解決身份犯的共犯問題，並認為真正身份起連帶作用，不真正身份起獨立作用。但是，身份的形式化區分無法決定身份的實質作用。聯繫違法與責任對身份進行功能性重構是我們所應當選擇的理論進路。在違法身份、責任身份這一實質化區分的基礎上，根據限制從屬性原理，“違法身份起連帶作用、責任身份起個別作用”的教義學原理能夠被證成。這一教義學原理能夠合理解決身份犯的共犯問題，從而具備良好的應用功能。

In Chinese criminal theory, the issue of complicity of status crime has always been solved on the basis of the formal classification between real status and unreal status, as Chinese scholars hold the view that real status has joint function and unreal status has individual function. But the essential function of status is not decided by the formal classification. We should reconstruct theory about status and complicity based on the essential classification between illegal status and responsibility status. On the basis of this essential classification and the theory of restricted subordinate of complicity, the dogmatic theory that illegal status has joint function and responsibility status has individual function can be proved to be reasonable. This dogmatic theory can solve the issue of complicity of status crime reasonably and can be applied into practice effectively.