「小確幸」之餘：從紀傑克的唯物神學論「小確幸」商品充斥的文化現象及其出路

What Remains after the Enjoyment of the “Small Certain Happiness”: A Study on the “Small Certain Happiness” Cultural Phenomenon and Its Way Out from the Perspective of Žižek’s Materialist Theology

面對文學語彙「小確幸」一詞因商業行銷之挪用而使現代小資男女不僅無法安於「小確幸」商品所標榜之「確幸」、反而因不斷推陳出新之「小確幸」商品的頻頻召喚而更加窮於奔命於慾望追逐之旅的文化現象，本文除試圖透過文本分析探討村上春樹首創此詞彙所寄予之內涵，以區別村上的「原始小確幸」與市面上到處可見的「另類小確幸」，並嘗試從紀傑克的唯物神學角度，思考深陷於後資本主義慾望迷宮中的現代人如何擺脫不斷增生的慾望召喚，以創造真正的自由與確幸的救贖之道。文章共分四節，首節分析「小確幸」一詞的原始意涵，並概述「小確幸」一詞遭扭曲挪用後所引發之熱烈討論。

Confronted with the tricky abuse of the literary expression “small certain happiness” for commercial purposes in Taiwan in recent years, which has inflicted contemporary men and women living on a small income with an even more miserable life full of futile pursuits for the satisfaction of artificial needs created by capitalist society, this paper aims both to explore the term’s original meaning, that is, Haruki Murakami’s original connotation in using the term, distinguishing it from the more popular but distorted usage, and also to find salvation for people who have been trapped in the post-capitalist labyrinth according to Žižek’s materialist theology. The paper is divided into four sections. In Section One, I explore the original meaning of the term in question against the background of its distorted usages as well as the heated discussions and criticisms over its significance. In Section Two, I explain, based on Žižek’s materialist interpretation of Schelling’s philosophy, how the original (that is, Murakami’s) “small certain happiness” takes place, how it becomes a mystery at the moment of the subject’s awareness of it, and how it is pursued (though fruitlessly) by the subject in the labyrinth of our capitalist society through the function of symbolic structure. In Section Three, I explore Žižek’s materialist theology which is constructed on the bases of Badiou’s notion of “pure multiplicity” and Lacan’s “feminine logic,” or the ontological notion of “not-all,” aiming to see the possibility of applying it to current cultural phenomena. Finally, in the last section, I conclude the paper with the proposition that we must take Žižek’s materialist theology into serious consideration so that further afflictions caused by the infinite desire pursuits in capitalist society can be avoided and the real (that is, Murakami’s) “small certain happiness” can be possibly achieved.