《從卡夫卡到卡夫卡》之卡夫卡雙重虛構

Kafka’s Double Fiction in De Kafka à Kafka

在當代哲學思考中，「虛構」被視為思考可能重新展開、並趨近無限運動的界限概念。虛構作為「本源的缺席」，使任何由此展開的論述都同時是轉向他處的另類思考，並使思考陷入無限運動。說明「虛構」如何可能造就差異思考的無限迴圈，便是本篇論文最主要的企圖所在。本文以布朗肖1981 年的作品《從卡夫卡到卡夫卡》作為出發點，分析他如何透過評論卡夫卡的作品而鋪展「書寫」與「虛構」間的共謀關係，即卡夫卡的文學虛構如何可能召喚更多虛構的共謀者。全文共分三個部分：第一部分以闡述《從卡夫卡到卡夫卡》的特異處，說明書寫虛構的起點；第二部分針對卡夫卡作品中虛構書寫的可能，提出布朗肖如何具象化卡夫卡之虛構；第三部分透過卡夫卡及布朗肖之間的多重虛構，探討虛構作品及虛構作者間的必然及必要性。本論述以虛構書寫為中軸，透過耙梳布朗肖之《從卡夫卡到卡夫卡》分析法國當代思潮驅力，以期最終導向虛構作為檢證概念思考之思考運動，亦即從「書寫及虛構」到「書寫即虛構」的論證操練。

Fiction has become one of the key concepts in contemporary French philosophy. It is considered the boundary of thought, which makes the act of thinking recommenceable and infinite, because fiction has no origin and any discourse starting from it would end up in an endless exercise. This article attempts to demonstrate how fiction creates this circle of endless thoughts. Taking Maurice Blanchot’s work De Kafka à Kafka as point of departure, it establishes an accomplice between writing and fiction. The article has three major parts. Part I explores the singularity of this book as a way of thinking about fictional writing. Part II explains how Blanchot realizes the possibilities of Kafka’s fiction by enacting them in his book. Part III dicusses the double fiction of Kafka and Blanchot in order to argue for the indispensability of and causality between fantasy of imaginative author and that of imaginative work. Through Blanchot’s De Kafka à Kafka, this article points to fiction as an indefinite assemblage of imaginative forces in an incessant “thinking, doubting” movement.