醫者意也：《西遊記》的醫療表述

The Image of Medicine: Medical Representations in The Journey to the West

明代醫療系統完備，建立起醫藥與食療論述，轉化為《西遊記》情節。誠然，小說頻頻歪讀醫療要旨，看似謬悠之說，但從醫者意也的視角，卻暗合多重隱喻。本文擬從醫藥與醫養兩方面進行探究，從中勾連身體觀，推廓出兩種指涉，其一為政治、社會層面的身體，由國王的病體，輻輳出官僚、社會的頹敗，醫藥儼然為治體／國處方；其二為長青文化的養生觀，無論是席宴中仙藥仙果作為諸仙裝備身體的贈禮，或是唐僧本身在食和性的系統體現長生意涵，以調笑之姿詮釋醫養敘事。由醫療戲言，映照出小說家含藏政權諷諭與宗教辯證的策略，允為文史醫學具表徵性的一種書寫。

By the Ming dynasty, the system of medicine was complete and included discussions on medicine and diet. This medical system was adapted into the plot of The Journey to the West. Although the novel looks absurd and deliberately mocks the purpose of the medicines, it draws multiple meanings from the image of medicine. There are two dimensions to consider in relation to the body, whose concrete referents are: (1) the political and societal body and (2) health in terms of the macrobiotic culture. The writer also creates political satire and religious dialogue in its medical parodies, illustrating the symbolic function of medicine in literature and medical writing.