以「負荷──控制──支持」工作壓力模式探討某醫學中心員工之工作壓力

Exploring Job Strain by Demand-Control-Support Model on Hospital Employees of a Medical Center

目的：本研究以「負荷﹒控制﹒支持」工作壓力模式，針對中部某醫學中 心之員工進行工作壓力成受調查及工作壓力職業族群之分析。 方法：以中部某醫學中心之員工為母群體，採分層抽樣方法選取樣本 500 人，以自填式問卷調查法進行相關資料之蒐集。 結呆：分析回收的359 份有效問卷發現，受訪者的工作壓力平均得分 為：工作控制度為62.84 、心理負荷量為35.34 、工作場所社會支持度為 22.57 。所有受訪者中有9.5% 的人屬於高壓力職業族群， 36.5% 的人屬於低壓 力職業族群，屬於被動型職業族群的受訪者佔48.5% '而屬於主動型職業族群 的人僅有5.6% 。有關個人屬性與工作壓力各面向關條之重點發現包括：醫師 的工作控制度大於行政人員，且年齡、服務年資與工作控制度均呈正相關， 每通工時愈長者其心理負荷量愈大，而護理人員的工作社會支持度大於醫師 及醫技人員。 結論：醫院的管理者及衛生主管機關應正視醫院員工的工作壓力問題， 並採取有效的壓力管理策略以增進醫院員工的健康與福祉。

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore job strain by demandcontrol- support model on hospital employees of a medical center. Methods: Using stratified random sampling procedure, the survey data were collected by self-administered questionnaires from 500 employees working in a medical center located in Tai-Chung. Results: The means of the C-JCQ subscale scores indicated the following: job control was 62.82, psychological demands was 34.54, and work-related social support was 22.57. Slightly less than 10% of the employees in our sample had high-strain jobs. Nearly one half (48.5%) had passive jobs, 36.5% had low-strain jobs, and 5.6% had active jobs. How individual characteristics affects the job strain of hospital employees, the point findings included: 1) physicians had higher job control than administrators, and job control was positively correlated with age and work seniority; 2) the average working time per week more long, than the psychological demands more heavy; 3) nurses had higher work related social support than physicians and medical technicians. Conclusions: the findings in this study suggest that management executives and cabinet policy-makers to pinpoint the problem of job stress. They should build effective stress alleviation strategies, improving employees' health and well-being.