腸道菌叢於宿主營養生化與代謝性疾病之作用

The Roles of Gut Microbiota in Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolic Disorders of Host

現今營養學的研究主題著重於健康促進、身體功能提升、疾病預防以及輔助臨床治療。提供人體所需要的營養成分是取決於個體是否有均衡的飲食，近來文獻也指出，腸道菌也參與其中一環。故瞭解腸道菌相與宿主間互利共生的關係為當前生物醫學相當關注之重要議題。最近許多文獻指出，腸道菌相會透過小分子代謝物影響宿主體內能量分佈與代謝作用，特別是脂質生合成與代謝。在我們的研究中也證實缺乏腸道菌相會促進非碳水化合物碳骨架之糖質新生作用與肝醣合成作用而造成能量代謝異常，最後以肝醣形式堆積於肝臟中。除此之外，許多研究陸續報導腸道菌相是透過體內禁食誘導脂肪細胞因子與短鏈脂肪酸等重要因子來調控宿主的能量平衡。由於能量利用異常對於臨床疾病的形成特別是與代謝有關的症狀扮演關鍵性角色，故本篇文獻回顧將介紹腸道菌相如何影響宿主的營養生化路徑以及在代謝性疾病形成過程所扮演的角色。

Current nutrition research is focusing on health promotion, disease prevention and physical performance improvement and adjuvant therapeutic approach for individuals and communities around the world. The provision of humans with required nutritional ingredients depends on both how well the individual is provided with balanced foods and what state of gut microbiota the host has. Studying the mutually beneficial relationships between gut microbiome and host is drawing ever-increasing attention in biomedical science. Increasing biome-based evidences show that gut microbiota can affect host energy balance, especially fat deposition and lipid metabolism. Our previously study demonstrated that increased gluconeogenesis from non-carbohydrate carbon backbone and glycogenesis lead to abnormal energy metabolism and excessive glycogen accumulation in the liver of gut microbiota-lacking mice. In addition, many studies have been reported that gut microbiota regulates host energy balance by potential important mediators such as fasting-induced adipose factor and short-chain fatty acids. Therefore, this literature review will introduce how gut microbiota affects the nutrition and biochemical pathways in the host and its roles on the metabolic diseases development.