雲南劍川石鐘山石窟「阿姎白」與白族的生殖崇拜

The Worship for Birth of Bai Ethnic Minority Group and the "A Yang Bai" in Shizhongshan Grottoes

雲南省大理白族自治州劍川縣的石鐘山石窟，在此莊嚴的佛教石窟中，出現了一座描繪女性生殖器的石刻造像－－「阿姎白」－－，且受到當地少數民族的崇信與膜拜。對此一突兀的現象，本文嘗試從白族的生殖崇拜習俗著手，探討「阿姎白」所顯示的社會因素；並結合流傳於白族的民間傳說，肯定此一「阿姎白」造像實為原先之佛像雕刻毀壞後，經人改雕而成。至於「阿姎白」與生育有關的功能，除了白族淵遠流長的生殖崇拜習俗外，亦可能與自南詔、大理國時期雲南流傳的佛教密宗思想，以及當地的「觀音崇拜」有著密不可分的關係。

The Shizhongshan Grottoes (石鐘山石窟) was located in Jianchuan (劍川) , Yunnan (雲南) which was governed by Bai ethnic minority group. In this stately temple, we found a relief "A Yang Bai" (阿姎白) with female genitals. To our surprise, the relief was worshiped by the local tribes. We tried to study this particular phenomenon from the social points of view, including the worship for birth and some folklores of Bai ethnic minority group to confirm that "A Yang Bai" was reconsteucted after the original relief of Buddha was destroyed. There were several reasons why "A Yang Bai" was related to birth: the tranditional worship for birth of Bai ethnic minority group, the Buddhist Mi (密宗) doctrine during the periods of "Nanzhao Kingdom" (南詔國) and "Dali Kingdom" (大理國) and the local worship for "Kuan Yin" (觀音) .