護理人員性別與自覺工作壓力差異之探討

Gender Differences and Perceived Job Stress among Nursing Personnel

本研究旨在探討護理人員是否會因性別不同，而在自覺工作壓力承受方面也會有所差異，並初探其可能原因。研究以問卷方式進行調查研究，採立意取樣選自全國各級醫院之男性護理人員及其同質之女性護理人員，問卷計發出236份，回收222份（回收率94%），扣除5份廢卷，實得有效問卷為217份（有效問卷分析率92%），其中男性護理人員為105人，女護理人員為112人。本研究主要結果：以t檢定及雙因子變異數分析的結果顯示，不同性別護理人員自覺工作壓力達顯著差異者包括：（一）「為工作犧牲太多」及「今天的事沒有作完，晚上我就會睡不好」；以及（二）男性護理人員的自覺工作壓力會因為有婚姻及子女而下降，女性護理人員則相反，故不同性別有顯著的差異。根據以上之主要發現，本研究也提出多項具體建議供參。

Purpose of this study was to explore if the gender difference plays a role in the job stress perceived by nursing personnel. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Purposive sampling was employed to select male nursing personnel and their female nursing colleagues with similar job functions from various hospitals in Taiwan nationwide. There are 236 questionnaires issued and 222 returned (accounting for 94% response rate). Of these 222 return questionnaires, 5 are invalidated and only 217 are counted as effective (accounting for 92% among all 236 questionnaires). Among these 217 questionnaires, 105 are male samples and 112 are female subjects. With t-test and two-way ANOVA analysis, the main finding of this study was gender differences indeed playing a major role in the job stress perceived by nursing personnel. Specifically, gender differences between male and female nursing personnel, in terms of perceived job stress, were found with significant differences in the statement “I have sacrificed too much on the job” and in “If the work has not finished by today, I cannot sleep well at night.” In addition, perceived job stress would decrease in male nursing personnel when they got marriage and have children, while female nursing personnel would increase their perceived job stress on the contrary. Based on study findings, there are several practical suggestions were proposed for references.