臺灣當前建築使用階段之修繕法律課題研究——以探討公寓大廈修繕行為與建築法之關係為主軸

The Laws Issue Research on Current Building Usage Management in Taiwan--focus on the Relation of Repair Actions in Condominium and the Building Code

台灣1990 年舊有建築物數量比率高達97％，顯已進入建築物修繕時代。1995 年起政府陸續修正建築法，增訂建築物使用管理條款，並制定公寓大廈管理條例，建築物之使用管理維護機制漸趨明確。惟建築法及公寓大廈管理條例對於建築物使用之修繕行為，從建築管理行政角度檢視，由於缺乏明確定義，亟需研究探討並建構其法律關係。本研究內容包括：（1）我國現行建築物使用有關「修繕」法令之研析。（2）公寓大廈管理條例「修繕」法律課題之探討。（3）日本與我國有關「修繕」相關制度建立經驗之比較。針對修繕有關制度與法令內涵，類比方法、借鏡經驗，進而建立法理、歸納結論。研提我國建築法及公寓大廈條例對於修繕法律課題四點結論，提供主管機關參採：1. 應研擬舊有建築物之修繕方案，訂定統一管理規範與認定標準。公寓大廈管理條例修繕、重大修繕應予定義或解釋，並與建築法「修建」之定義連結，作為區分標準。2. 公寓大廈管理條例之室內修繕均應依照建築法系之修建、室內裝修規定辦理；建築外牆之「修繕」，依照重大修繕或採取簽證報備辦理。3. 修繕仍應視為一定規模以下之建造行為，同受建築法之管理，其程序則可予以簡化或交由專業人員簽證報備負責。

“Sustainable Development” is a worldwide focus on buildings management policies. There were 97% used buildings in Taiwan since 1990. The government revised the Building Code and issued the Condominium Act since 1995, then the using and managing mechanism of buildings were defined. However, the codes lack definition on the reparation for using, so this study contains: 1. analysis of “repair” in the laws. 2.exploration of “repair” in the Condominium Act. 3.comparing “repair” in Taiwan and Japan’s laws. The conclusions contain the following suggestions: 1. to draw up the reparation code for the used buildings and set up the standard. “Repair” and “Major Repair” in the Condominium Act must be defined, connecting with the “renovation “ in the Building Code and classifying. 2. “Interior finish” in the Condominium Act must accord to the Building Code 3. “Repair” must be treated as a limited-scale construction and must be managed by the Building Code, but the process can be simplified and registered by experts.