既存中小學老舊校舍結構調查研究——以臺南縣為例

Structure Investigation of Existing School Buildings in Tainan County

本文調查台南縣境內97棟建齡大部分在30年以上之國民中小學老舊校舍。結構系統調查顯示老舊校舍中「分期興建」情形極為普遍，此現象除造成校舍在結構系統上相當複雜紊亂，亦影響系統耐震安全；在損壞調查方面，無結構體損壞情形之校舍僅約佔1/4左右，最常見之結構損壞為樓板有裂縫及鏽水產生，非結構損壞最常見者則為校舍樓板或續接處漏水。97棟調查校舍經由「RC學校建築快速耐震斷法」評估，僅17棟校舍(18%)合乎地震甲區學校建築之耐震要求。對於耐震能力不足之60棟校舍，進一步比較其年平均單位面積重建經費(qr)與補強經費(qs)，有32棟具補強效益(qs < qr)。本研究獲得之結果除做為處理既存老舊校舍時之參考外，亦為後續規劃設計新校舍之參考。

Built-over-30-year 97 existing school buildings in Tainan County are investigated in this study. In this investigation, “One school building built in several periods” is the main structure system defect of existing school buildings. Also, in the investigation it is found that only a quarter of the 97 school buildings do not have structural damage problem. The most common structural damage is the rebar rustiness of floor and the most common nonstructural damage is the leaking phenomenon in the connection between buildings. Evaluating 97 school buildings using the method of “Fast Seismic Evaluation for RC school buildings”, only 17 of them (18%) achieve the standard of school buildings aseismic capacity 0.413g. Furthermore, comparing the cost per area every year of rebuilding (qr ) and retrofitting (qs), 32 buildings in the 60 school buildings that need to be strengthened possess retrofitting benefit (qs < qr). The study provides not only the basis for the authority of Tainan County to deal with the existing school buildings but also the lessons for planning and designing new school buildings.