護理之家高齡者日常生活行為與活動領域之研究（1）——以南部地區兩家醫院附設護理之家為例

A Study on Daily Life Behavior and Territory Activity for the Elderly in Nursing Home--Southern Taiwan’s Two Hospital-Based Nursing Homes for Example

本研究主要著眼在「環境與設備條件」對高齡者日常生活行為與活動領域的影響，係以兩家具相同空間領域層級的醫院附設護理之家為對象，參酌「時間地理學」活動軌跡與限制的概念，將入居高齡者的生活構造區分為時間、空間與活動等三部分，結合「調查註記表」之觀察紀錄，針對身心機能屬「輕度依賴」與「中度依賴」程度之56位高齡者進行日常生活行為與活動領域的探討。最後並從高齡者身心機能、照護政策、機構環境與設備條件等層面探討其對高齡者日常生活行為模式的影響。主要研究結果有下列六點：1）高齡者在護理之家的日常生活行為可概分為「必需行為」、「休閒行為」、「療養行為」、「移動行為」及「其他」等五大項目；2）隨著高齡者身心機能的衰退，高齡者在「必需行為」與「療養行為」的時間配比增高，而「休閒行為」時間配比減少；3）高齡者「日常生活行為類型」可分為「必需行為型」、「均衡型」、「休閒行為型」、「充實型」等四種類型；4）「活動領域類型」可分為「寢室活動型」、「室內活動型」、「公共空間活動型」、「必要外出型」等四種類型；5）少人房住民在寢室內從事休閒活動的時間高於多人房；而多人房寢室有居住人數愈多、每床面積愈小，休閒活動領域愈向公共空間延伸的傾向；6）確保床位區個人領域空間及隱私性、提供溫馨舒適的傢俱設備，及進行個人化空間佈置等，能使高齡者在寢室內的生活行為內容更多元化。

This research mainly focused on the influence of different living environment and equipment standard for the elderly daily life behavior and activity territory. This research takes two Hospital-Based Nursing Homes that have similar space territory level for example. Moreover, this research refers to the activity track and limitation concepts in the Time-Geographic to divide the elderly daily life into three parts that include daily life activities, daily life time, and daily life area. This research combines the survey records in the survey note to discuss the daily life behavior and activity territory of 56 elderly in two categories, light dependent and middle dependent, according to their body mechanism. Finally, this research focuses on finding out the effects on elderly daily life behavior model that is caused by the factors such as body-psychological mechanism, nursing policy, environment and facility conditions.