日治時期臺北建友會「小住宅懸賞圖面集」平面規劃之研究

A STUDY OF “ALBUM OF CALLING FOR SMALL HOUSES” PUBLISHED BY TAIPEI-CHIEN-YO ASSOCIATION IN JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD

本研究主要以「台北建友會」在1942年（昭和37年）舉辦之住宅設計競圖活動中，所甄選出適合台灣風土氣候之理想的150棟住宅案例為對象，企圖瞭解日治時期的建築師在對應台灣環境條件上的考量及規劃特徵，以期掌握日治時期台灣地區日式住宅整體發展的理念和傾向。本文得致下列四點成果：1.受到歐美文化的影響，洋式空間的設置，雖然為當時規劃上的趨勢，但多侷限於待客空間「應接室」的規劃，主要的生活空間仍保持傳統和式的作法。2.台灣之日式民宅以「中廊型」的平面規劃為主流。3.日治時期建築師在考量台灣風土條件之對應上，主要著重於日射的控制和室內物理環境調節的方法上。4.戶外庭院設有水池、沙坑和防空洞，以作為戰時防空、防災的對策，反映出當時代住宅建設上特殊的設計條件。

This study is based on the blueprints of 150 Japanese style civil houses, which were nominated by the Taipei-Chien-Yo Association in a house design competition held in 1942 requesting for the adaptation of Japanese style houses to the culture and climate in Taiwan. Through study of these house projects, this paper attempts to realize that the concerns of architects in Japanese colonial period and the characteristics of planning regarding the issues of the adaptability of Japanese style house to the circumstances of Taiwan. This paper has four conclusions as follows. 1. Influenced by the western culture, western style design became a tendency in house plan at that time. However, it was mostly adopted in reception room. Most living spaces remained Japanese style. 2. Most of these civil houses have central corridors for separating living and dining space. 3. In order to reflect the local circumstances in Taiwan, architects in Japanese colonial period addressed mostly on the control of sunshine and the adjustment of interior physical environment. 4. Ponds, sand area and asylums in the yard, which were built for air defending, indicated the special design requirements of that period.