西方建築理論廣度性及深度性特質之探討

RESEARCH ON THE COMPREHENSIVENESS AND PROFUNDITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WESTERN ARCHITECTURAL THEORY

本論文在前言部份，追溯西方建築理論的起源及流傳，並闡明建築理論之建立，其一般性目的係為探討建築本質，界定建築與構造物之區別。但就其深層目的而言，建築理論之建立，除在理論根源之追尋外，且為滿足理論所處時代，藝術性及實務上的需求。前者「理論根源探索」具深度性特質，對應歷史時間軸，不同人類社會體系下常呈現不同的詮釋及滿足目標，後者「滿足時代藝術性及實務上的需求」，具理論廣度性特質，其思想常積極用以主導建築設計的進行。論文主論述部份，則首先闡釋建築理論之廣度性特質呈現在建築理論之建構特性上。建築理論，由其具主動積極、措辭辯解論述特性，在面對及處理實質外在條件因素時，呈現與科學、美學、哲學、政治、及社會等相關領域相結合之廣度性特質，且理論建立在歷史之涵構中，呈現隨時代所需而調整之特性。至於西方建築理論之深度性特質，則隨歷史的時間軸展現在建築理論與實務之互動關係上。論述部份首先探討理論與實務本質，闡明實務操作為建築理論之應用，建築理論則用以補充說明、並證實實務操作的結果；且在建築理論與實務的互動下，建築理論在社會文化層面，具累積進化的特性。 就其深度性特質方面，闡釋在不同的時空背景下，隨歷史軌跡從傳統社會中〈文藝復興時期前〉以信仰為中心的宗教社會體系、經文藝復興時期起以人為本的人文社會體系、至近年來以電腦資訊為主的科技社會體系，各社會體系所展現神學、科學、哲學等不同思想體系重心下，西方建築理論與實務所呈現不同的詮釋及需求滿足的目標。

This research starts with an elaboration of the origin and propagation of the western architectural theory, and elucidates that the general purpose of the architectural theory is to expound the essence of the architecture so as to distinct architecture from building. Essentially speaking, the aim of the architectural theory is not only to trace the origin of architecture but also to meet the artistic and practical requirement of the generation. The former purpose possesses the characteristics of the profundity and the latter possesses that of the comprehensiveness which, most frequently, is employed as the guidance of architectural design. On the main discussion, the research elaborates that the characteristics of the comprehensiveness is reflected on the schematic constitution of western architectural theory. Based on the nature of positive and polemic manner of theoretical discourse, this research expounds that the architectural theory, on facing and dealing with the external and physical condition, has to cohere with the related schemes such as science, aesthetics, philosophy, politics, and sociology, etc. and adjusts its content within the historical context. As to the profundity of the architectural theory, the characteristics, in respond to the historical time frame, reflect on the interaction between the architectural theory and practice. On discussion, this research explores the essence of theory and practice and elucidates the facts that the practice is basically the results of the application of the theory and the theory is to expound and verify this result. Moreover, this research elaborates that the architectural theory possesses the characteristics of progressiveness on its socio-cultural level. That is to say, the relationship between architectural theory and practice will act differently under different social background. From the traditional society (before the Renaissance) which is centered on religious belief, through the anthropomorphic society starting from the Renaissance centered on the anthropomorphism, to the recent computer-oriented society centered on the technology, the theoretical foundation of those societies may vary from theology, science, to philosophy, the final goals of the interaction of the theory and practice will be achieved different accordingly.