相關裝修變因對辦公空間揮發性有機污染物濃度影響分析

Effects of Indoor Materials on Formaldehyde and Volatile Organic Compound Emissions in Office Buildings

本研究以台灣6棟都會區之大型辦公大樓，18個空間進行總揮發性有機污染物(TVOC)及甲醛(HCHO)對不同室內裝修建材影響之相關性研究。研究採用之環境評估模式包括物理性因子（換氣率／洩漏率、室內溫度、相對濕度、室內微風速），化學性污染因子（揮發性有機污染物、甲醛與臭氧）以及不同裝修建材之裝修面積調查統計。本研究主要目的，即對國內不同代表性辦公空間，對室內甲醛與TVOC長期即時濃度檢測，同步調查分析環境影響因子，並分析不同室內裝修建材種類、裝修面積及其複合影響。結果顯示國內辦公建築室內空間，其TVOC污染物平均濃度，雖屬偏高但仍在國際相關建議基準值以下；惟室內甲醛濃度部分，除兩目標空間外，整體平均為1.46ppm，遠高於WHO建議基準值。另對室內裝修建材種類分析，結果顯示國內辦公空間常用建材之種類，依序為木質建材傢俱(29%)、PVC地磚(21%)、地毯(18%)、石膏板明架天花(18%)、礦纖板明架天花(14%)。本研究依據目標空間室內甲醛與TVOC檢測平均濃度，擷取非工作時段空調關閉時，屬於相對穩定逸散條件下，整合穩定濃度值、不同室內建材裝修面積以及相對應外氣洩漏率等因子，利用多元迴歸統計方式，找尋出具顯著代表性對甲醛與TVOC濃度的裝修建材種類，以及其相對應之影響權重。其結果對甲醛濃度影響為化學纖維地毯(2.138)、木質建材(1.979)、石膏板(1.525)與PVC地磚(0.873)；於TVOC部分，則依序為化學纖維地毯(2.023)、木質建材(1.307)、石膏板(0.994)以及PVC地磚(0.453)。此部分所獲致之共通結論即為地毯與木質建材部分，為室內揮發性有機污染物首要控管之對象，並於進行室內裝修建材管制部分，應從較具影響的建材著手。未來可同步與空調有效換氣管制上同步進行，以達省能健康的室內環境控制目標。

This study is to examine the effects of common interior decoration materials, decorated area and other building environmental factors on the contaminant levels of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in Taiwan office buildings. Series of comprehensive investigation and environmental measurements in 6 office buildings, with total 18 office rooms, were conducted in 2001. The characteristics of the testing space, the types of building materials, the decorated area of each material and the room volume were measured and documented in this survey. The concentrations of TVOC, Formaldehyde, indoor air-temperature, relative humidity and the air change rate with air leakage were also measured. All environmental measurements were conducted over one week to better realize and measure the indoor environmental variations. The field investigation showed that the most commonly used materials in office space were wood-based material (29%), polyvinyl chloride flooring (21%), carpet (18%), gypsum board (18%) and the mineral fiber board (14%). Significant correlations could be found between the concentrations of formaldehyde and TVOC, and indoor materials of wood-based material, PVC flooring, gypsum board. Considering the average emission rate of formaldehyde and TVOC in typical decorated office rooms contributed by typical materials, statistic analysis process of multi-regression model were conducted to realizing the significant correlation of each material. The result showed that the impact factors of the indoor materials, contributed to formaldehyde concentration, were carpet (2.138), wood based material (1.979), gypsum board (1.525) and the PVC flooring (0.873). The TVOC impact factors were carpet (2.023), wood based material (1.307)，gypsum board (0.994) and the PVC flooring (0.453). As for green material control, the results provided the most important materials that should be considered and reduced on healthy indoor formaldehyde and TVOC in source way. Further research should consider a better way to balance the ventilation rate and installed material for a good indoor air quality.