福州話的「乞」與「共」

‘Qi’ and ‘Gong’ in Fuzhou Dialect

本文主要以福州市五位發音人的田野調查材料討論「乞」、「共」兩詞在福州的語意特徵與使用分佈。「乞」、「共」受到輕聲以及相關連讀音變的影響，部分使用者讀為同音，因此出現「乞共不分」的特性，藉由多位發音人對比材料，我們認為福州話的「乞」大致對應閩南語的「與h7」，而「共」則對應閩南語「共ka7、合kah4」。同時「乞共」同音或近音現象，促使發音人避免使用可能的歧義句式，造成相關用法受限。

Based on field investigation data of five speakers, we illustrate the semantic characteristics and distribution of ‘Qi 乞’ and ‘Gong 共’ of Fuzhou in the paper. For some speakers in Fuzhou downtown, ‘Qi’ and ‘Gong’ have the same pronunciation as functional words, due to the shortened syllabic duration and relative sound changes in Fuzhou dialect. With a contrastive analysis of five speakers’ data, we conclude that the usages of Fuzhou functional word ‘Qi’ nearly conform to the usages of ‘與 h’ in Southern Min, and Fuzhou ‘Gong’ has both the usages of ‘Gong [ka11]’ and ‘He [ka53]’ in Southern Min. Since ‘Qi’ and ‘Gong’ in Fuzhou downtown have the same or similar pronunciations, speakers tend to avoid the use of ambiguous sentences, as a result, the homophone, ‘Qi’ and ‘Gong’, has relative restrictive usages.