籃球禪：以NBA菲爾‧傑克森的教練哲學為例

Basketball Zen: A discussion on the basketball philosophy of Phil Jackson

緒論：NBA傳奇教練菲爾‧傑克森，是目前獲得最多NBA冠軍戒指的教練。他如何結合禪學與籃球？籃球為何是禪？以及籃球禪結合東方思想的內容為何？這些背景形成了本文的研究問題與目的。本文的重要文獻參考是傑克森教練的「公牛王朝傳奇」和「領導禪」等中英文著作以及日本鈴木俊隆禪師的「禪者的初心」，後者所代表的「曹洞宗」禪學。方法：主要是應用哲學領域的研究法，具體的步驟有三：一是歸納法，二是演繹法，三是頓悟法。主要的徑路剖析了傑克森教練的「籃球禪」，是受到鈴木俊隆禪師的影響；鈴木俊隆禪學的源頭，則可上溯到日本「道元禪師」所代表的「曹洞宗」禪學。結果：傑克森教練的「籃球禪」，結合西方的籃球和東方的禪學，其重要旨趣呈現在「無我精神」和「靜坐冥想」二個層面。具體內容體現在「無形領導」、「只管打坐」以及「活在當下」等課題。結論：有三點如下：一、傑克森是「籃球禪」的實踐者；二、禪修的目的是找到「本來面目」，籃球禪則是透過籃球認識自己；三、籃球禪是西方與東方的相遇，六祖慧能說「佛性本無南北」，禪也可以融通東西方文化背景的差異。研究建議有二點，一是應重視東方思想的風潮，二是運動哲學領域中，關於運動心靈（sport spirituality）課題的新趨勢，值得同好持續關注。

The legendary NBA coach Phil Jackson is the coach with most number of NBA championships. From a sports and philosophical perspective, his combination of Zen and basketball is unique and previously unseen. The questions on how and why basketball can be Zen, and how basketball Zen combines with oriental thoughts arouse our curiosity which inspired this study. Consequently, the key issues were developed as the purpose and research questions in this study. The main references used in this study were Sacred Hoops and Eleven Rings by Phil Jackson, Zen mind, Beginner’s mind by Shunryu Suzuki, and the Soto-Zen school as resented by Master Suzuki. Synthetic analysis, dialectical insights research methodologies were applied in this study. Our practical experiences in the coaching and playing of basketball as well as meditation were also combined to help form the discussion of the issues. The main approach analyzed and identified the influence of Master Shunryu Suzuki on Phil Jackson’s ‘basketball Zen’. The idea of Master Suzuki can be traced back to Dogen Zenji, the founder of the Soto Zen School. This study found that Jackson’s basketball Zen is an integration of basketball from the Western culture and Zen from Eastern philosophy, of which are the majors of ‘selflessness spirit’ and ‘meditation’. The concrete embodiment of his ideas can be found in the following topics: Invisible leader, just meditate, be present in the moment, etc. This study concludes in three parts: 1. Phil Jackson is the practitioner of basketball Zen; 2. The game of basketball lies in human beings as players, while the purpose of learning Zen lies in finding the original self; 3. Basketball Zen is where East and the West meet. As the Sixth Patriarch Huineng said, “... north and south make no difference to their Buddha-nature.” In this way, Zen can also help bridge the cultural differences between east and the west. For future studies, two suggestions are listed as follows: 1. More attention should be paid oriental philosophical trends; 2. Soto Zen school is worthy of follow up discussions and investigations.