論損失填補原則於海上保險之適用

Study on the Issue of Principle of Indemnity in Marine Insurance

按保險可區分為損失填補性暨非損失填補性保險契約。損失填補性保險契約係由保險人就所約定之保險事故致生之損失，於保險契約約定範圍內，由保險人為填補之契約，故有損失填補原則之適用，其係為避免不當得利之情形發生。海上保險契約為損失填補性之保險契約，然於實務運作中，損失填補原則難以完全遵行，故有論者認為海上保險為不完整之損失填補契約。國內學說就損失填補性之保險契約有論及超額定值保險之情形者，基於損失填補原則之基礎，應如何就此為處理，學說中有所爭議。論者有參考德國法制規定加以論述者，然其於海上保險可否適用。本文即就損失填補原則於海上保險之運用參酌英國法制加以討論。

There are indemnity insurance and non-indemnity insurance. In the scope of insurance contract, indemnity insurance is to compensate for insured's loss for avoid the unjust enrichment. Marine insurance contract is a kind of indemnity insurance and hence the principle of indemnity should be applied. However, in practice, the principle of indemnity could not be totally obeyed. There is a saying that marine insurance contract is an incomplete indemnity contract. There are various discussions about the solutions to excess valued insurance by the principle of indemnity. Reference to German law, there are still difficulties in providing a complete solution in practice. We will discuss the principle of indemnity in the marine insurance contract with reference Marine insurance 1906.