血液透析病患需求之衛生教育

Health Education Needs for Hemodialysis Patients

為使病患在疾病及自我照顧的認知、態度及行為上有正向影響及改變，衛生教育已被廣泛運用於臨床上，是提升醫療照護品質所不可或缺的。現今衛生教育的最終目標，是以滿足病患需求為前提，希望藉由提供病患相關知識，讓他們儘量能自主地決定及改善自我照顧的能力，以期達成在行為上長久及有利的改變，使病患得到較好之照護結果。所以透析護理人員，應利用衛生教育程序去評估、計畫、擬定目標及評值一個有效且具個別化特性的衛生教育規劃，以滿足病患的需求。本文收集了相關文獻，強調衛生教育之重要性及衛生教育應以滿足病患需求為導向。希望藉此提供臨床護理人員的知識與技巧，進而提升透析照護品質。

Traditional patient health education is mainly designed to ensure that patients adhere to, or comply with, a specific medical prescription or regimen. Contemporary patient health education aims to advance health care by enabling patients and their families to acquire relevant information regarding their medical problem. In the process, they could gain competence in dealing with their health problems and perform treatment-related procedures with confidence and skill. Eventually, they should be capable of making responsible and informed decisions and, thus, take charge of their own health care as much as possible. Indeed, patient health education is a very important component of the nursing process. As nursing professionals, dialysis unit nurses should plan and implement an effective and individualized patient health education program to improve health care for patients on dialysis.