照顧SARS病患護理人員的壓力及其因應行為之初探

Stress and Coping Behaviors of Nurses Caring for Patients with SARS: An Exploratory Descriptive Study

護理工作是一極具挑戰性及高度壓力的工作，尤其對照顧具傳染力及治療尚未明朗之SARS病患的護理人員而言更是如此。隨著疫情的加溫，面對單位政策的改變、同事間的溝通、家人的擔心害怕、病人的狀況惡化等，在在都對護理人員造成莫大的壓力，實非旁人所能體會。因此，本文透過文獻查證，藉由了解壓力與因應行為之相關概念後，實際訪談四位曾經照顧過SARS病患之護理人員，瞭解其所經歷的壓力過程及面對壓力時所採取的因應行為。結果發現：照顧SARS病患護理人員的壓力主要有「害怕被傳染」、「對SARS疾病的未知」、「穿戴厚重悶熱的防護設備」、「目睹病患飽受病毒折磨的過程」、「左右鄰居及家人的擔心害怕」；而這些護理人員在面對壓力時主要採取的因應行為包括「參加醫院SARS在職教育課程」、「同儕間的相互支持」、「面對問題與醫療團隊人員互相討論，試圖更有組織地照顧病患」、「宿命型－忍耐」、「哭泣」、「不停地吃東西」。期望藉由此篇報告能對照顧SARS病患之護理人員的壓力及因應有一初步的認識，未來期望有更多研究，深入分析照顧SARS病患醫護人員壓力因應及相關因素，以助提升未來醫護人員照顧此類病患之能力及照護品質。

Nursing is highly challenging and stressful work when caring for patients with unknown infectious diseases. The stress and it's relevant responses toward caring patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are certainly arising while the unknown infectious agents and the standard clinical treatments are unclear. With the exacerbation of SARS and the instability of health policies, nurses are facing multiple problems, such as communication between colleges, their families' worries, and deterioration of patients' heath. These are all the stressful events that others are unable to realize. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to understand the knowledge toward stress and relevant response of nurses caring patients with SARS. We have interviewed 4 nurses who have cared for patients with SARS. After collecting the information, we can understand the stress and coping behaviors of the nurses. The main stress of nurses caring for patients are: fearing of being infected by patients with SARS, misunderstanding the uncertainty of the SARS, wearing heavy and humid defensive equipment, seeing the suffering of patients, and fearing of being infected by nurses. The coping behaviors of the nurses facing the stress include: to participate on-the-job training, to support each other, to face the problems and discuss patient discipline with health team members, to endure hardship, to cry, and to be continually eating. We hope this report can serve as an initial reference toward the stress and the coping behaviors of nurses caring for SARS patients. In order to integrate the future nursing care of SARS patients we hope there will be more studies to analyze the stress, coping behaviors and associated factors of nurses caring for patients with SARS.