血液透析病患主要照顧者的負荷及其相關因素之探討

Caregivers' Burden in Hemodialysis Patients and Related Factors-An Exploratory Study

本研究旨在探討門診血液透析病患主要照顧者的負荷情形及其相關影響因素。樣本來源為南部某醫學中心，正式收案日期，自88年11月18日至88年11月30日，共收回有效問卷182份，研究資料以Excel整理建檔及採SPSS8.01版套裝軟體進行統計分析。研究結果發現照顧者感受到最重負荷的前三項依序為：擔心病患病情變化，休閒旅遊活動因照顧病患受到影響，因生病而沒有自己的時間有被綁住的感覺等，對主要照顧者有生理、心理、社會及經濟等各層面之影響，其中以社會負荷最重，次為心理、生理及經濟負荷，而影響照顧負荷因素有病患的透析月數、再住院次數、居家照顧項目、身體症狀、罹患的疾病及主要照顧者的年齡、教育程度、因照顧病患而辭去工作、身體狀況、生活滿意度、收入、社會支持等。文中亦對臨床護理實務提出建議，以做為護理照護的參考。

The purpose of this study was to explore the burden and related factors of hemodialysis patient caregivers. There were 182 questionnaires collected in November 1999 from hemodialysis patient caregivers in a hospital which is located in Southern Taiwan. The data were entered and analyzed using the SPSS 8.01 software. The results from this study indicate that for these caregivers, the three major burdens identified include: (1) worrying about the patient's disease progression, (2) the diminished recreational activities, and (3) limited personal time. Those factors have an impact on primary caregivers' physical, psychological, economic, and social life. For these burdens, the social burdens are higher than psychological burdens, followed by the physical and economic impact. Both patients' and caregivers' conditions are affected by such care giving burdens. The associated factors include how long patients are on hemodialysis treatment, frequency of re-admission, content of home care, patient's disease and condition, etc. Also, the caregivers' personal situations are quite important such as age, education, career interruption, health, life satisfaction, income, and social resources, etc. Several clinical nursing practices are also proposed for reference in this study.